Practice 1-Review

>> Practice 1-Review 1-Va-oren

Tal
kominsu-tal anthropology
te'koshif         architecture
Dvatai-tal political science
Iksan-tal          economics
Vuhlkansu Vulcan
Su’us-tal        Mathematics
Shal-tal       Geography
Vesht-tal         History
Tum-vel-tal Computer Science
Tumau-tal Programming
Vistra-tal         Networking (IT)
Kitau-tanaf Literature
Kloshai-tal Psychology
Shila-tal          Sociology

Shi
Shi’dunap Library
Shi’mon         Cafe
Shi’yem          Cafeteria
Kelek Home
Ni’hin Bar/Pub
Taul Club
Shi’ranaya Gym
Tal-zup-shal Laboratory/Workshop
Dunap-mahr Bookstore
Keltra Office
Shahov         Beach
Shi’svitan Plaza, townsquare
Orenkeltra University

Nen
Ek’Tal Science
To-Go Law
Iyula Culture
Ro’Fori Information
Has-Tal         Medicine

Sular
Orensu         Student
Tersu Partner
Mahrsu         Salesperson
Au         They
Etek, etwel We
T/D/Vular You all
Vath, vathsu Other

Taran
I’ now
Vel thing
Ein-vel something
Rom-palikaya      good start (good luck)
Uf k’du?            How are you?
Dau uf’i?            How are things? (informal)
Ba’tan oren ma tu? How many classes do you have?
Tan ra?           How many?
kidona ra?           What does it cost?
Ifis ra?                What's going-on?

Kethelvaya
Guhf Boring
Os          Old
Rom Good
Rihag Difficult
Orenau-bosh Studious
Ohrom Excellent
Marom Great, sturdy
Hag          Easy
Dan-tishaya favorite
Suk          Big
Set’ko interesting, fascinating
Rasahkos         Bad
Pi         Small
Terrasu         Human

Taran t’wak’es
Ein-wak sometimes
K’ashiv often
Wehk many
Weht more
Ten less

Deshkaun
Uf How?
Lu When?
If Which?
Ba'tan Count/number?
Tala Worth?
Kadona Cost?
Wilat Where?
Na’ra For what?
Po Why?
Ra What?
Vi Who?
Tan   Count/amount?

Tor-zhit
Oren-tor to learn
Orenau to study
Ranau to train
Mon-tor to drink
Tam-tor to dance
Pstha to search
Lates to walk
Yem-tor to eat
Mahr-tor to buy
Fai-tor to know
Ken-tor to understand
Tar to speak
Stariben to converse, chat
Sahr-tor to run
Aitlu to need or want
Kitau to write
Zhu-tor to listen
Nam-tor to be
Kah to be
Telv-tor to read
Sarlah to arrive
Gla-tor to see
Glanau to observe
Fau-tor to ride
Toranau to participate
Kesau to respond
Prah to get, obtain
Nem-tor to take, acquire
Ha-tor to live
Dif-tor to live long
Ar’kada to work

CONTINUE TO CHAPTER 2.
(compiled 7-June-2019)

>> Practice 1-46, 1-47, 1-48 Skladau

>> Practice 1-46

In this practice, reply to a student email. Read the message and write 2 or more questions about Vulcan life.

Email:

Tonk’peh, sha’ahmau na’Parea. Oren-tor nash-veh svi’oren-keltra. Ma nash-veh kehkuh oren. Na’aifa khru ranau nash-veh torvukh fi’tor-kel.

LLAP,

Parea.

>> Practice 1-47

Kitaya: Email the Vulcan student about your life.

1. Introduce yourself: _________________
2. Explain your training: _________________
3. List your routines:_________________
4. Ask some questions: _________________

>> Practice 1-48

Wuhkuh wehtik: Proofread with a partner(s), add one more (wuh-wehtik, weh-wuhkuh) question, then submit for review.

Checklist: Pohkaya lozhika? Ifis t’zhit-feim? Yeht wak na’kanok droi? Yeht tor-zhit il vel-zhit? Yeht zunlar?

Question 5. __________________________________

Practice 1-44, 1-45

>> Practice 1-44
Choose the correct answer.
1. Vuhlkansu
a. Gen-lis
b. Shi’Dunap

2. Gen-lis
a. Maut uzh
b. Maut os

3. Ma oren-kel
a. Su’us
b. Sular

4. Dunap ro’fori
a. Zhit t’Vuhlkansu
b. Yem-tukh

5. Ma oren-keltra
a. Savensular
b. Wehk do wuhkuh kelek.

>> Practice 1-45
Visit https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/
Describe
What language you’re studying.
Where you can study it.
Why you would or wouldn’t like to study on planet Vulcan.

Practice 1-43 Tal

>> Practice 1-43
Areas of study:
HAS-TAL (medicine)
LAL’SHARR (fine arts)
HASERET-TAL (pharmacology)
KLOSHAI-TAL (psychology)
GEN-LIS-TAL (linguistics)

Which classes belong to which areas of study.
Vukhuyt-tal, terkwul shilaik, gluv-tumau, ta-bek hasamik, zhit-isan t’Vuhlkansu, is-lof-tal, vesht-var t’gen-lis, haseret krusitik, tanafsu Vuhlkansu.

Note: Before reading Vulcan, examine the text to make logical guesses about the translation.

Practice 1-41, 1-42 Wehk Ranaya

>> Practice 1-41 Wehk Ranaya
Read this.

Shi’Dunap-Sarek
Dun (paper)
Va’Asaya (copies)
Gol-Raf-Vel (electronic accessories)
Oren-Dunap (schoolbooks)
Thalvtra (newspaper, magazine)
Svitan 3 (plaza/center 3)
Apple-yut 10 (Apple st #10)
Puvatayek su’us 1234567890

41a: Puvatau tu mahr-kel Dunap-Sarek, ya’akash na’ein-vel, heh tala ra.
41a: Call store Bookstore Sarek, ask for something, and it costs what.

41b: Makausu tu, kesau tu droi t’kleposausu. Ya’akash tu ro’fori.
41b: You are the seller, answer question of customer. Ask information.

To answer the phone: Tonk’peh (hello), Nashayalar (greetings), Nash-veh la (I am here.)
To greet a stranger: Rom asal, aru, mu-yor. (good morning, afternoon, evening)
To ask: Bolau nash-veh_____. Ma tular______ ah?

Ifis-tor du: Use:
Deshker-zhit (question words), yeht-ro’fori (correct info), thalvtra wuhkuh zhit (chapter one words), yeht-tor-zhit (accurate verbs).
Write and submit your conversation.

>> Practice 1-42
Write a message detailing school items, where to buy, and cost.

Practice 1-40 Ni'droi k'deshker

>> Practice 1-40 Ni'Droi K'Deshker / Answer with a question.

Learn how to form a question by making one with each statement.
Answers:
1. A’tuo (adress) t’shi’dunap na’Green-yut.
2. Ah, ma nash-veh dunap t’ek’tal svi’Vuhlkansu.
3. Rai, ma nash-veh rim dunap t’ha’tal svi’Eingelsu.
4. Dunap tala (costs) 40 li (credits)
Questions:
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________

Um (Tips)
Deshkau tu feretau na’ro’fori. Deshker ya’akash rom-kro’el palikau t’stariben, il isha prah ro’fori aitlu tu. Ya’akash deshkerlar, aitlu tu vokau deshk-zhit heh tsuri-zhit-bal vah “Nam-tor….uf? Tala …..ra? ….wilat? …..ra? heh, k’vi…..?”

Practice 1-38, 1-39 Yeht il Riyeht

>> Practice 1-38
True or False / Yeht il Riyeht

1. Oren-tor T’Pol heh Spock svi’oren-keltra na’ka. _____
2. Ma Spock oren (studies/classes) t’ek’tal heh ha’tal. ________
3. Telv-tor T’Pol svi’shi’dunap na’oren t’ko-veh. ______
4. Ved-bosh (actually) Halovau Spock vath shi k’oren t’sa-veh. _____
5. Ma T’Pol oren fi’aru. ____


Observation: Linisau
Can you see educational subjects in the 5 statements? Which? ____________________________________
Which places were listed? ____________________________________
What verbs were used? ____________________________________



>> Practice 1-39
Class Activity: With a partner, describe the first day of your week, then in pairs present your story to the entire class. Full sentences aren’t needed, just Verb, Subject, Object, unless more is necessary.

Practice 1-37 Gen-Lis

>> Practice 1-37 Gen-Lis / Language

Gen-Lis: Like English, Vulcan adjectives can come before, attached-to, or after a noun. Rewrite this sentence in anyways possible without losing context. (self-assessment)

Example: Spen-tor sahr-khav-jarel abru’ron-tu kas’elik.
English: "The quick brown jarel jumps over the lazy dog"
Rearranged: __________________________________________

Practice 1-36 Vathtra

>>Practice 1-36 Vathtra
Using what you’ve learned in 1-36, choose a species, listed or unlisted, then write something about them. If possible, have your group read your entry for errors, then submit as assignment for progress assessment.

Koshtri (species) __________
Sha / Vath (self/other) __________
Kethelvaya (description): _________________________________.
______________________________.

Practice 1-35 Koshtri-Nisan

Practice 1-35 Koshtri-Nisan
Species Quiz. Decipher the descriptions to identify characteristics of the following species:

> (Eingelsu)
Q Andorian Talaxian Bajoran Cardassian Ferengi Changeling Vortasu Vulcan

>> (Vuhlkansu)
Vorta Andorsu Cardassu Kushizsu Talakksu Beidzhorsu Kyu’ Ferengisu Vuhlkansu

>>> (Kethelvaya)
- Maut laman. Tishaya t’lamekh. Tar t’riyeht k’ashiv.
- Pen. Tishaya t’samek. Kresik. Karik-fonn eh karik-nemut.
- Per mabuhl. Ashau fas-tor. Hag-kis-ka.
- Ihv-tor t’kaluk. Tershausu t’kafun-moghush. Aitlun telan.
- Sha’skasau kwon-sum. It-fam il mihrsh. Sahris ahmau.
- Skan-tor na’kanok-veh kanok-vel. Ip-sut t’zherka. Tishau t’ralash-tanaf.
- Lautuv’es il takov. Telv-tor na’glenokitaya. Rishar.
- Rim sahrafel. Ma t’zaprahan. Maut mihrsh heh ashaya-bosh.
- Orniaga tara. Ortal. Mavausu t’zhagra u’yeht-ha.

V-image-1-13 click to enlarge

Practice 1-34 Vuhlkantra

Practice 1-34 Vuhlkantra

Do logical Vulcans do the following things?

1. Gol-tor na’oren kanok-gad?
2. Sarlah tab-ma na’oren?
3. Stariben k’savensu t’au?
4. Ifis-tor au svirbayek (telephone) svi’oren?
5. El’ru she-tor heh rolau (react)?
6. Prah (get) rom ulidar (grades)?
7. Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf svi’oren?
8. Orenau na’nisan (for tests)?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Practice 1-33 Linisau

Practice 1-33
Linisau (Investigate)

Form 6 questions to learn about these facts.
1. Su’us t’oren if ma tu r’tas. / Number of classes which you have this year.
2. Oren tishau tu dan. / Class you like most.
3. Su’us t’orensu svi’oren dan-tishaya. / Number of students in class most liked.
4. Ahm t’savensu dan-tishaya. / Name of favorite teacher.
5. Wilat orenau k’vi. / Where they study.
6. Lu ar’kada. / Where they work.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.



Sha’nisan (self-test)

Read with your partner, prepare examples, vocabulary, grammar, and information.

Partner 1: Identify terms used, identify interrogatives. Use phrases, ideas, or questions.
Partner 2: Answers that include information, stay close to topic.

/

Practice 1-32 Desker

Practice 1-32 Deshker (Question).

Read the whole sentence before using VI, LU, MAU, IF, PO or RA.
1. Ma tu oren ___________? Ma nash-veh….
2. Nam-tor oren t’du ___________? Na’.....
3. Tishau tu oren ___________? Oren t’............
4. Savensu tishau du maut ___________? Savensu…….
5. Orenau tu Vuhlkansu ___________? Fayei……
6. Nam-tor orensu svi’oren-kel t’Vuhlkansu ___________? Nam-tor……

Chapter 1 > Deshker

>> Chapter 1 - Deshk-Zhit - Interrogatives
Interrogatives ask questions or outline specifics.

Uf how/what
Ra what
Lu when
Po why
Wilat where
If which
Vi who
Nosahp amount (math)
Mau  much
Kadona how much (parts: ka'don'a)
K’ashiv often
Tala   value/cost
Ba'tan  count (number)

Basic structure Verb-Subject-Object
Ar’kada X wilat? / Where does X work?

Basic Question: Verb-Subject-Interrogative
Svi’mahr-kel Sakkir po? / Why is Sakkir in the store?
Fayei aitlu sa-veh yem. / Because he needs food.

Changing the specifics:
Ra nam-tor Eingelsu? / What is (an) English?
Eingelsu wuhkuh gen-lis t’Terra. / English is one language of Earth.

Sa’haf t’du if? / Your bag is which?
Vu if sa’haf? / Is yours which bag?

Pointing to the question:
Ar’kadan du Friday? / Are you working Friday?
Ah, ha / yes
Rai, ri / no
Fi’ar’kadan du Friday? / At work are you Fridays?

Forcing interrogatives:
Ha-tor du la, ah? / Do you live here, yes?
Du fi’aitlun eifa, ri? / You want those, no?
Rim / none
Ulik / partially (kinda)

To ask someone to repeat is the same as most languages, using what, sorry, etc., but also:
Vesh’ra? / it was what? They were what?
Vesht? / It was?
Dungi? / It will be?
Uf k’du? / How are you? (greeting)
Ves if? / Which type/kind?

Uf, by itself, is used less than English because the how is the verb in VSO, but “how” will resurface as Vulcan is taught and written verb-subject-object (ex: wrote-I-the_message), as a proper method, but dialects of people different places, tend to drift into the SVO order shared by English.

Starting a sentence with a verb can and often does drift into a verb-finishing. It becomes prevalent when using only irregular verbs (such as “ma” to have) relying-on prepositions and interrogatives for direction.

Self-assessment: Ma du droi, ha?
Finish these questions using questionable words.
1> Ahmau tu ________?
2> Tishau tu veh ________?
3> Oren ______? Ten-mal (early) il tab’ma (late)?
4> Ha-tor sular (people) svi’kelek ________?
5> Ranau (practice) tu nash ___________?

Chapter 1 > Kilko eh Deshker

> Chapter 1 > Ya’akash heh Kilko-tor na’Deshker
Asking & Answering Questions

v-image-1-12 click to enlarge

.

Img src https://www.deviantart.com/philotic-net/art/Vulcan-Vegetables-131553615 

Fas-tor (cooking) T’Pol k’t’hyla t’ko-veh Spock svi’af’tum (kitchen). Zahvan sa-veh yem k’T’Pol. La ein droik t’T’Pol, heh ni’droik t’Spock.

1. T’Pol: T’ahmau kelek du uf? 

1. Spock: Ahmaya kelek rim.

2. T’Pol: Nam-tor wilat? 

2. Spock: Nam-tor svi’First-yut.

3. T’Pol: Oren t’du lu? 

3. Spock: Svi’asal heh svi’khru.

4. T’Pol: Kodona hali u’ra?

4. Spock: Siyah tal 55 lit.   

5. T’Pol: Dah-shalsu t’du k’vi? 

5. Spock: Rima dah-shalsu.

6. T’Pol: Aitlu ranau du ek’tal po? 

6. Spock: Na’gol na’vathsu.

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Exercise: Mix-up. Match the responses to these other questions. 

1. Ko-veh savensu Rick.

2. Rai ahmau dah-shalsu.

3. Svi’kelek t’nash-veh.

4. 55 lit. (monetary credits)

5. Svi’mu-yor.

A. Ha-tor du wilat? 

B. Oren ek’tal t’du lu?

C. Savensu dan-rom t’du k’vi?

D. Ahmau dah-shalsu (roommate) ra?

E. Kodona t’ha-kel u’maut?

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Sidenote: The word "don" means value and the common root of many financial terms, including - donku, money, and donaya, profit, a word you'll hear a Ferengi use a lot. A Vulcan might also say - don-ovaya, financial-growth. 

Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra

> Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra. Where Is What.

You have just arrived on the planet Vulcan. Your English friends are at the library, the cafe, and the dorms.

What important words will you to use in Vulcan to find them?
:___________________________________________
How would you use them in a sentence?
:___________________________________________
If someone asked your destination in Vulcan, what would you tell them in Vulcan?
:___________________________________________

Practice 1-31 Dau

Practice 1-31 Dau / Effect
v-image-1-11

.
>Stariben:
Using v-image-1-11, in Vulcan ask where someone in the picture is, or what they are doing, and then in Vulcan answer. If working with a partner, do as many examples as possible. If you prefer, draw and name your own Vulcans.

Question 1: ___________________________________________
Answer 1: ___________________________________________
Question 2: ___________________________________________
Answer 2: ___________________________________________
Question 3: ___________________________________________
Answer 3: ___________________________________________
Question 4: ___________________________________________
Answer 4: ___________________________________________
Sasu question: ___________________________________________
Sasu answer: ___________________________________________
Kosu question: ___________________________________________
Kosu answer: ___________________________________________

Practice 1-29, 1-30 Svi’yokul-ret

>> Practice 1-29 Svi’yokul-ret (In the eating room)
Finish the dialogue transcript.

Selok:Tonk’peh, Kedjus. Toranik (busy)? _______ vu?
Kedjus: _______ nash-veh mau-rom. Heh vu?
Selok: Maut romik. Heh _______ uf ko-kai (sister) Lani?
Kedjus: Rom, lesek. _______ ko-mekh heh ko-veh halovaya i’.
Selok: Sem-rik. Heh _______ etwel svi’nisan-tvi’eku (interval exams, final exams).

Practice 1-30 Wak heh Shid (time and place) 

Write two sentences asking where someone/something is at a time of day using kah and/or nam-tor. Then, trade with your partner to answer those questions using kah and/or nam-tor. (Without a partner, do one question/answer). 

Chapter 1 > Svirbarek

>>Chapter 1 > Svirbarek / Telephone
www.starbase-10.de/vld (dictionary)


Kirotalin (T’Lin): Uf Stariben T’Lin. 

Sud:  T’Lin! Rom zhu-tor. Nam-tor du wilat?

T’Lin: Shi’sov-hali t’London.

Sud: Halovau (traveling) sa-mekh (father) heh nash-veh svi’Chicago i. Nam-tor svi’mahr-kel sa-veh. Heh skan (family) kya t’dular? 

T’Lin: Kah etek maut rom. Zhu’voh. Trasha hashalan i.(the flight is leaving) Stariben ak etwel. Dif-tor heh smusma.

Sud: Sochya eh dif.

v-image-10 click to enlarge

.

Use KAH (or kya) or NAM-TOR (or nam) in the blanks.

1. __________ ‘T’Lin stariben k’Sud.

2. __________ Sud fi’halovaya.

3. Stan t’Sud __________ romik.

4. Zhu-tor __________ k’Sud.

5. __________ T’Lin heh Sud t’hyllu.

NAM-TOR expresses location and certain reality, KAH (KYA) almost everything except location. 

Nam-tor Sud wilat? = Sud is where?

Nam-tor Chicago. = He’s (in) Chicago) / Is (he) Chicago. 

Kah skan t’Kirotalin uf? = How is Kirotalin’s family?

Kah au maut romik. = They are very well. 

When we reverse the roles of kah and nam-tor: 

Kah au uf? = How are they? (How do they feel?)

Nam-tor au uf? = How are they still alive?

Kah zherka wilat? = Where is the emotion (in this / from here)?

Nam-tor zherka wilat? = Where is the emotion in it (its)?  

As stated in the introduction, the verbs for “to be” are pro-drop, meaning because of Vulcan grammar, both kya and kah are usually omitted. Because sometimes they clarify for the speaker or the listener, an easy way to remember them is, kah, it begins, nam-tor, it continues to be. (Later we’ll learn why these are weak and irregular-strong verbs.)

Complete these sentences to create a conversation. For extra credit, assign names to the speakers. When complete, upload for review. 

1. __________ savensu svi’oren-ret.

2. __________ etek romik.

3. __________ nash-veh s’udish.

4. __________ vu?

5. __________ t’hyllu t’nash-veh svi’shi’dunap.

6. __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh rom isha.

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/

Practice 1-28 Ra Bolau

>> Practice 1-28 Bolau ra? What is needed? (by yourself or with class)

Finish each conversation in Vulcan.

1A. Kirotalin: Aitlu ‘Satelk dunap svi’vuhlkansu.

1B. _______________________________________

2A. Joreth: Aitlu ‘Silek heh ‘Mirea toraya rom-oren svi’vuhlkansu.

2B. ________________________________________

3A. T’Lino: Aitlun oren-tor ‘Sarot na’nisan t’vuhlkansu.

3B. ______________________________________

Practice 1-27 Riovsot Stariben

>> Practice 1-27 Incomplete Conversations (Riovsot Stariben) : Complete and Compare with a classmate. : Use the quantifier: veh (oneself), wuh (one), dah (two) in the conversation. Svi’shi’oren-keltra. Kuvok: Nam-tor T’Pol wilat? Jads: Tor T’Pol svi’____ nisan (test) t’savensu Sonok. Kuvok: Rom. Aitlu tar nash-veh k’ko-veh. Nosahp (amount) t’wak? Jads: Sarlah za’(after)____wadan (hour), Kuvok: Aitlun _____ gla na’TV Jads: Vokau _____ toraya t’du. Kuvok: Lesek. Nash-gad ______ rom s’udish.

Chapter 1 > Wuh Tehn Vel

>> Chapter 1 >> Articles vs Nouns / Wuh-zhit Tehn Vel-zhit Nouns are person/place/thing. In the previous lesson, “nam tam-tor s’udish” has nam, this acts in place of an article (the/a), and any noun can be an article in that phrase. S’udish (outside) is both an adverb and adjective in the small phrase (clause). S’udish is also a noun of course when used as the subject. The articles “the, a, an” are rarely used in Vulcan. Articles are not an acceptable form of everyday Vulcan and can be used as profanity. To be less confusing, here are some examples, (you can judge if they’re using profanity or not): : We know about adjectives like “rom” (good): Sa-kan romik. The boy is good. Rom dunap. A good book. (as opposite a bad one) Dunap. A book, the book, book. Wuh dunap. One book. Reh dunap. Three books. : The article quantifies (makes amount) the noun (“book”), the plural suffix/marker -LAR is only used to clarify where important. One writes a book. = Veh kitau wuh dunap. (teaching form) = Kitau veh dunap. (rare, lecture form) : Veh meaning one, if that one is capable of speech. By this grammar rule, pronouns also align. Yokul ko-veh. = She eats / is eating. Fi’asal ko yokul. = Mornings she eats. : This is clearly not proper VSO verb-subject-object Yokul ko-veh cereal, she eats cereal, and is sometimes used to describe or tell a list. Fi’asal ko eh sa yokul. = Mornings he and she eat / are eating. : It also works for combining verbs. Kitau telv-tor sa-veh ko-veh. (Short, but acceptable grammar, no articles) Fi’asal sa kitau eh ko telv-tor. = (Most) mornings he writes and she reads. (“Most” is implied when the verb doesn’t come first) : There isn’t a special form of vulcan words when referring to gender. Instead, use a prefix pronoun. Ron-tu (dog) Ron-tu satik. = Male dog / the dog is male. Sa-ron-tu. = A boy-dog. (male) Ka-ron-tu. = A girl-dog. (female) Ish-ron-tu. = A non-specified-dog. Nam-ron-tu. = An existing dog. (a real dog) Homework. Write a sentence in Vuhlkansu, translate the sentence into English and write it, then translate the sentence back into Vuhlkansu different from the original without losing any meaning. It doesn’t have to be perfect. (The teacher is to use this to assess class direction of chapter 1.)

Chapter 1 > Vaglan

>> Chapter 1 > Review / Vaglan
The following conversation is written using words defined between Intro and Chapter 1. Use https://www.starbase-10.de/vld for additional help.

Soji:   Hello, doing you what? ____________________________________
Bokeh:   Drinks in the cafe. ____________________________________
Soji:   After class what? ____________________________________
Bokeh:   Often study I do. And you? ____________________________________
Soji:   Walking in day. ____________________________________
Bokeh:   You read information yes? ____________________________________
Soji:   Much read I information. ____________________________________

Practice 1-25 Ish Tor Vi

>>Practice 1-25

Interactive/Group: Who does that? Tor Vi Ish?

Who do you know that does the following activities?

Su (person) Toraya (activity)
_____________ > Gol-tor au ralash-tanafsu.
_____________ > Kanok-gad coffee mon-tor.
_____________ > Ha-tor svi’kelek k’t’hylla.
_____________ > Is-tor au smartphone na’mu-yor.
_____________ >      Vuhlkansu stariben.

Practice 1-24 Shid heh Tora

Practice 1-24 Shid heh Tora (Place & Action)
Build a conversation with words from the following list.

Shidlar (Places) || Toralar (actions)
Fi’ > shahov (beach) || coffee mon-tor.
Svi’ > yokul-kel (diner) || Im’roi (to walk)
Na’ > taul (club) || tam-tor
K’ > u’thet (fest) || Glantau na’TV
Svi’ > ai’ve (theater) || ro’fori telv-tor
Svi’ > kelek (home) || gla-tor khinik (famous) ai’ve
Svi’ > ni’hin (cafe/bar) || zhit kitau t’smartphone
Svi’ > shid’dunap (library) || yokul t’yem heh mon-tor t’mon

Practice 1-23 Renkup-Nisan

>> Practice 1-23 > Telv-tor Renkup-Nisan / Reading Skill-Check

v-image-1-8 click to enlarge

Na’Tizh-tor romik. To enjoy well. Indicate the following actions as more logical L (lozhikaik) or more emotional Z (zherkaik), or equal K (kaik) Telv dunap svi’vuhlkansu kanok-gad. _____ Skladan (message) kitaya k’cellphone. _____ Torvukh ranaya k’t’hyllu. _____ Oren mamuk fi’asal. _____ S’udish ifis sahr-tor. _____ Glan t’movies t’tv fi’mu-yor. _____ Stariben k’t’hyllu t’nash-veh du’yokul. _____ Mon t’coffee lu maut (very) mu-yor. _____ If possible do 1-8 in a group or pairs. Using the sentence and your answer L/Z/K. When your parter finishes a statement reply with one of these statements. Sem-rik = Fascinating [Rik, means “without” in Vulcan, except for this word. It’s an idiom/expression that has become the word for fascinating.] Sem = Fascination Set’ki = Interesting (anc. from set’ko, interest.) Ri’dva = Disbelief (dva-tor, to believe) Aishan = Cause/coincidence (from aisha, to cause.) Tzlu = Amusing Tizh = Enjoy (tizh-tor) Dorli = Honorable (Dor, honor) Kunling = Happily (from kunli, happy) It = Wow (“it” is also the word for tact) Krol = Praise, (similar to “congratulations”) Guhf = How boring. Rasahkos = Bad, low-quality (impolite) Romik = Good (adjective, from rom, good)

/

Practice 1-22 Kloshah

>>Practice 1-22 Kloshah / To Behave

Should a teacher do the following things in class?
Ri (no) or Ah/Ha (yes)

Telv-tor ro’fori (news) svi’oren-ret. = _________
Zhu-tor na’wat (problem) t’orensu. = _________
Mon-tor coffee svi’oren-ret. = _________
Kitau t’rom droi na’orensu. = _________
Worla sarlah na’oren-ret. = _________
Mamuk kwon-sum na’orensu. = _________
Kesau sa’deshkaya (questions) = _________
Stariben k’orensu. = _________

Chapter 1 > Aitlunlar

>Chapter 1 >> Bolau eh Aitlu / Need and Want
https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ (dictionary)

Using the verbs Aitlu and Bolau from the previous lesson, fill in the blank.

1. _________  orensular k’t’hyllu svi’yokul-kel t’oren-kel kanok gad.
2. _________  nash-veh svi’kelek fayei bolaya s’dunku yokul svi’yokul-kellar.
3. Heh tu, _________ yokul tu asal-yem svi’kelek?
4. Ri _________  savensu nisan
5. T’hyllu t’nash-veh _________ etek toraya svi’vuhlkansu.

/

Chapter 1 > "Must"

> Chapter 1 > "Must"



Duty, or obligation, is the word gu-vam and an irregular-strong verb that is never changed in spelling or pronunciation. This word is often used in place of “must”



Your duty to read = Gu-vam telv-tor du.

Other uses.

Telv gu-vam du.

Telv t’du gu-vam.



Other verbs can be used to imply the same meaning.

Bolau = to need

Bol’uh = need (imperative)

Aitlu = to desire

Aitl’uh = dsire (imperative)

/

Ma = to have

Ma telv-tor du. = Having/have to read, you. (this is modal-verb use, combining verbs present tense)



NOTE: When speaking, you can use imperatives to give orders, implying they should need this or desire that, for example. The letter i (rhymes with eye), when attached to a verb also draws focus, but is very modern/slang, and sounds assuming “bolau’i du” (you need now), and demanding “Bol’i du” (need it now!). Later lessons cover the loose rules on adverbs. Cutting the verb short with i’ “now” isn’t uncommon for intermediate (V2) speakers, but can sound childlike.



The one-to-one word “must” doesn’t exist, but the meaning is retained. A full lesson for imperatives will come later. Use the imperative forms you’ve learned from the examples or use the noun-form of verbs in your answer below:



TRANSLATION EXERCISE:

“I need you to read this word.” = ________________________________

“You must read this word.” = ______________________________

/

Chapter 1 > Tsuri Karik-Tor-Zhit

>Chapter 1 >> Tsuri karik-tor-zhit / Common strong-verbs
Eat = Yokul
Choose = Nahr (same as ancient training, choose only one)
Choose     = Dvel (aka, pick any)
Rule, manage = Khau
Observe = Glantau
Respond = Kesau
Assist = Mamuk
Attend = Torau
Write = Kitau

The irregular-strong verbs sometimes are tricky. Let’s look at an example.

I have a cat. = Ma nash-veh cat.
The cat sheds. = Foshul cat.

The irregular-strong verb FOSHUL has the common conjugations/changes to explain meaning:

Foshul = to shed (infinitive)
Fosha = the result of shedding, i.e. the hair on the ground.
Foshan = the time the cat sheds, the shedding duration

It is common for irregular-strong verbs to remain unchanged by fluent speakers, especially if there are similar verbs. For example:

Shei = to scream
She-tor = to rise
Gla-tor = to see
Glantau = to observe/witness

If we use the rules learned, the phrase “shen cat heh shen cat” carries confusion (and more so with large lists,

“Shen shen cat heh glana glanta etek ish-veh.”
THE CAT RISES AND SCREAMS AND THE SIGHT WE SEE IT.

Shen shei cat, heh glantau etek glan.
Rises screaming the cat, and see us the sight (of it).

[Sorry for the poor example.]

Fi’lap cat. = In a tree is a cat, are cats.
Nam-tor cat fi’lap.  = The cat is on a tree

If gla-tor is to see, and gla is vision, and glan is sight. What do you think glana means? Write your answer _______________________________.

Chapter 1 > Karik-Tor-Zhit

>Chapter 1 > Karik-tor-zhit tsurik heh ritsurik. = Regular-strong verbs and irregular-strong verbs.

You’ve learned about weak verbs: oren, a lesson, oren-tor to learn. You will now learn about regular-strong verbs (for example) like torau, to attend, and irregular-strong verbs like prah, to get/receive. Weak-verbs add -tor, regular-strong verbs en with -au, irregular-strong verbs are each unique.

Regular-strong verb: Torau (to attend)
Torau (verb ongoing, infinitive)
1st conjugation: Toraya = an attendance, one instance of attending something, or a visit.
2nd conjugation Torayan = an attendance, attending duration, a visit from start to finish.

Irregular-strong verb: Prah (to get/receive)
Prah (verb ongoing, infinitive)
1st conjugation: Prah (same as infinitive) = a reception, one instance of receiving, reception.
2nd conjugation: Phrahn, prahan = the time it takes to receive something.

Note that irregular and regular verbs have the same conjugations. In previous lesson weak verbs “oren-tor” did not, but are allowed to share some of these conjugations, for example, orenan, is redundant and only used to avoid confusion from the subjunctive “what if” statements, if a sentence is getting crowded/long. (The subjunctive will be covered in a later chapter, it’s basically a sentence starting with a statement, comma theory.).

Basic practice: translate the statement into Vuhlkansu using the verbs prah and torau plus the proper pronoun.
I attend =____________________
You get = ____________________
You all attend = ____________________
We get = ____________________
They attend = ____________________
He, she gets = ____________________

Irregular strong verbs are used more clearly with specific pronouns, This is very common/standard.
Only you attend = ____________________
Only we get = ____________________
Only you all attend = ____________________

NOTE: Bi-directional pronouns exist, but aren’t discussed in book one.

Chapter 1 > Po'Wak

>Chapter 1 > Tar po'ha'kiv heh wak / Talking about life and times

v-image-1-7 click to enlarge

Varsu (reporter), Glayeksu (cameraperson); Varsu: Nashaut, rom aru. Var nash-veh nu-ri-orensu. Tor du pu’gad ra? (Hello, good afternoon. I’m interviewing young students. What do you make during the day?) Vuson: Nahr-tor Laasir ek’tal na’shi’oren. Namau sa-veh na’orenlar heh po’ el’torau (operates) sa-veh tal-zup-shal, heh fi’ar’kadan kanok-gad. Staribau sa-veh savensu heh oren mau. Telv-tor orensu t’ek’tal mau. nisan kitau, eh rom-talal prah. Orensu nash-veh t’te’koshif, heh kitau eh telv-tor t’hyllu heh nash-veh mau isha. Siyah ha nash-veh svi’tal-zup-shal wilat oren-tor nash-veh na’nisanlar. (Lassir studies science at university. He attends his classes and latter runs the lab, and he works everyday. He speaks with the professor and learns much. Students of science read much, write works of investigation, and get good grades. I’m a student of architecture, and my friends and I read and write much also. I almost (almost) live in the library when I study for the exams.) > Indicate which statements are true (yeht) or false (tehs), based on the reporter interview with Vuson. Yeht il Tehs: __________ Oren-tor Laasir te’koshif. __________ Ar’kada Laasir svi’tal-zup-shal heh oren mau. __________ Telv-tor heh kitau mau orensu. __________ Ri torau Laasir orenlar t’sa-veh fai’ei ar’kada. __________ Prah orensu rom-talal. __________ Nahr-tor Vuson te’koshif. __________ Ha Vuson siyah svi’tal-zup-shal.

Chapter 1 > Ranaya

>Chapter 1 > Ranaya eh Sha'Nisan / Practice & Self-Assessment Answer the following clues with the correct answer in Vulcan. A verb you do at work. = _________________________________ A place you go. = _________________________________ A time of day. = _________________________________ A descriptive adjective = _________________________________ An interrogative word = _________________________________ Use your answers to form a question. _________________________________ Use your answers to form a reply. _________________________________

/

Practice 1-21 > Sha'Nisan

>> Practice 1-21 > Ranaya eh Sha'Nisan / Practice & Self-Test

Tsuri-gad svi’ha t’Kebi. = A usual day in the life of Kebi.

Describe what you see in the image below, by yourself or with a classmate.

v-image-1-6 click to enlarge

Kebi's greeting: _________________________________ 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________

Chapter 1 - Pok Tar

Ch1 - cultural - POK TAR
Many Vulcans eat smaller meals thru the day, in order to make metabolism efficient and to preserve resources by rationing meals as a cultural tradition. “TAR” means to speak in the general sense, or tell a short story, smalltalk. “POK” as listed, has unfamiliar origins as a single word, but similarly paik = general, pok = ready, pohk = regard, tah = unobtainable, t’ahr (pro-rhotic) = relates to observations. The quality of the food is more important than the quantity. Most pok-tar is a variety meal and not one food by itself, and in small servings to allow civilized conversation while eating.

Vulcans prefer to use cutlery (forks, knives, spoons) etc, traditionally to be clean in case of chance emergency. To humans, it might appear that Vulcans only eat appetizers, or that by eating many smaller meals, would appear to be eating often or too much. This is not necessarily true. They are traditionally vegetarians, but will survive by logical method.

Fi’math t’du ra? = What’s on your plate?
Kaasa = fruit
Kahm = meat
Kap-yar         = grain
Khlup = jelly
Kov-sayas = nut
Kreila = biscuit
Lag         = gum
Mashya         = tuber / edible root
Mun = sauce
Neik-tuf         = ribs
Kahm = meat
Pir mah          = strawberry toast
Shur = soup
Tei         = tea
Thas = milk
Thuhk = cheese
Yarmok         = salad
Yu-mur = egg
Ravot = insect
Ketek-haya = protein supplement

Feim-tor t’yem t’du, il yem kartan t’du, svi’vuhlkansu.
(List of food yours, or food order yours, in Vulcan.)
= Make a list of your food, or order your food, in Vulcan.

1. _______________________________________________

/

Practice 1-20 Toraya Vakavik

>>Practice 1-20 Toraya Vakavik (Frequent Activities)

How often do you do the following things, ein-wak (sometimes), k’ashiv (often), kwon-sum (always), worla (never).

_______________ Oren-tor k’t’hyle.
_______________ Is-tor svi’Internet na’tor nisau.
_______________ Mavau fi’shaht t’gadtra.
_______________ Glantau na’YouTube.
_______________ Tam-tor fi’Friday heh t’Saturday.
_______________ Mon-tor t’kafiin* (coffee).

*there is no word for coffee in Vulcan, but the the Klingon word is qavin (written as qavIn). In using the latin-alphabet, the letter hard-c (not frequently used, more about C later) is pronounced more in the throat than the letter k is. Kafiin, with two i’s to imply that it’s a loan-word substitution. What do you think the best word for coffee and or caffeine is? reddit.com/r/Vuhlkansu

Chapter 1 - Nuhk’e

>>Chapter 1 - Nuhk’es / Manners
To get someone’s attention:
Zhu! (or zhu’uh) = Hey! (someone you know, literally, a listen)
Zhu’voh lesek. = Listen please.
Lesek = please
Osu = Sir, ma’am

To interrupt:
Nuhk, ma nash-veh va’akash. = Courtesy, have I question.
Nuhk, kya deshker = Courtesy, there is a question.
Nuhk = Courtesy, patience, politeness, pardon, etc.

To politely agree to answer:
K’nar. = Of course. (literally = “with an acceptance”)
Dungi = I will, it will, shall, etc.

What do you say in English and how do you say it in Vulcan?
1. ______________________________

Practice 1-19 Ni’Droi Mesuvulaya

>>Practice 1-19 Ni’Droi Mesuvulaya (Question Conversion)

Turn the following statements into questions.

1. Oren-tor t’vuhlkansu kanok-gad. = Learning Vulcan everyday. 2. Hal-tor na’oren-ret s’leh t’asal. = Going to class from 10 of the morning. 3. Zhu-tor s’ralash-tanaf vuhlkansu. = Listening to music in Vulcan. 4. Ar’kada svi’keltra fi’aru. = Working in an office complex for the afternoon. 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________

Practice 1-18 Va’per

>>Practice 1-18 Va’per (Routine):
Pick and choose, the things in your daily routine.

____ Tam-tor svi’kelel t’nash-veh svi’asal-gad.
____ Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf svi’mashulayek (shower).
____ Fun-tor na’oren-kel kanok-gad.
____ Is-tor nash-veh social-media
____ Nahr-tor svi’shi’dunap.
____ Bek-tor na’hali.
____ Gla-tor na’tarayalar s’gluvayek.
____ Ul-wak oren-tor na’torvukh k’t’hylla t’nash-veh.

Comparing answers with others: Example
Ma ____ heh ____ droi kaik. = Have ____ and ____ answer similar.

Practice 1-17 Dvel

>> Practice 1-17 Dvel (Preference) Dvellar (Preferences)

1 = Most interesting > 9 Least interesting

____ Tam-tor svi’taul.
____ Gla-tor na’gluvayek.
____ Oren-tor fi’iyula natya
____ Mahr-tor k’ai’ve (movies)
____ Fun-tor t’shahov
____ Fau-tor na’dah-halek
____ Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf
____ Shom-tor svi’kelek
____ Nahr-tor (fi’) s’udish

In a sentence: Na’nash-veh, (#) toraya (wuh, dah, reh, etc.)

Chapter 1 - Is-Lof heh Shid

>>Chapter 1 - Is-Lof heh Shid / Functions and Forms
Varsu (storyteller/reporter)

Varsu: Tonk’peh, rom-gad, Varsu Juvs nash-veh s’sasayek 7 ro’fori, vu ahmlar ra, lesek.
Mels: Nam-tor Mels nash-veh eh ish T’Loc
Varsu: Ma vular ha toranik?
T’Loc: Ha, nam-tor torvukhsu (athletes) etwel. Nahr-tor (to train) etwel maut torvukh (sports). Mavau (to play) Mels svi’sahr-toran. Nahr-tor nash-veh ash’ya-dukal (soccer).
Mels: Heh sheht-gadtra halekau (to bike) nash-veh.
Varsu: Set’ki! Maut lesek.

V-image-1-5

> Indicate which statements are true (yeht) or false (riyeht), based on the reporter’s interview with Mels and T’Loc.
________ Juvs tersu t’gluvaya.
________ Nahr-tor Mels eh T’Loc wehk torvukh.
________ Mavau T’Loc svi’sahr-tor.
________ Nahr-tor Mels ash’ya-dukal.
________ Nahr-tor T’Loc ki’haf-dukal.
________ Halekau Mels heh T’Loc k’dah-halek.


> GRAMMAR > PRESENT TENSE > WEAK VERBS: ADDING -TOR (DO/MAKE)

Action (toraya), feelings (zherka), and states of being (kya), you need to use verbs. In English/Vulcan, the infinitive is the form of the word that presents an active or ongoing action. In English, the verbs are written with “to-verb,” to live long, to prosper, etc. Infinitives, all Vulcan verbs belong to three groups, weak verbs (ex: noun-tor), regular strong verbs (ex: tishau/tishaya), and irregular strong verbs (ex: ip-sut). This section is for weak verbs.

Dif-tor (to live long)
Dif-tor nash-veh = I live long a long time, I am living a long.time.
Sahr-tor (to run, to be quick)
Sahr-tor etek = We run, we are running.
Yuk-tor (to sleep)
Yuk-tor cat = the cat sleeps, the cat is sleeping

Use the present tense to express what you and others do, and ongoing actions. Context, sentence arrangement, will relay if it is ongoing or aspect.

Mahal-tor aluk svi’masu. = A fish swims in water.
Mahal-tor Sams na’gef. = Sams is swimming toward the shore.

*the letter i’ means now, and can change the meaning of the sentence to and from ongoing/aspect, use it sparingly or before the verb until sure.

>Here is a list for describing time. Nash feim na’wak-kethelvaya.
Kwon-sum = Always
Kanok-gad = Everyday
Kanok-gadra = every week
Kanok-tevun-krus = every month
K’ashiv = Often
Ul-wak = Sometimes
Worla = Never

> Here are some common weak -tor verbs/expressions
Tam-tor = to dance
Zan-tor = to view, to asses
Bek-tor = to wait
Mahr-tor = to buy
Zhu-tor = to hear
Oren-tor = to study, to learn
Shom-tor = to rest
Gla-tor = to see
Dva-tor = to believe
El-tor = to release, to free
Nahr-tor = to practice, to train
Fun-tor = to return, to revisit
Is-tor = to use

> Nahran > See what you know.
Wordlist > nash-veh, du, vu, etek, orensu

1. Mahr-tor __________ dunap na’oren ma au.
2. Is-tor __________ tum-vel oren-tor raf-vistra.
3. Kosu, gla-tor __________ ein-vel aitlu mahr-tor.
4. Heh __________, shom-tor etek za’oren wilat?
5. Fun-tor __________ na’oren-kel na’shi’dunap.
6. Bek-tor __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh fi’wak t’gad.

/

Chapter 1 - Iyula Kitaya

>>Chapter 1 - Iyula Kitaya (Culture Writing)

On-Nisaya (both-test) “Comparison”
Try answering in Vulcan, use the sentences as part of your answer.

Nam-tor pulva ka svi’oren-kel t’du eh svi’oren-kel t’vuhlkansu if? = What apsects are similar between your school and a vulcan school?

Nam-tor pulva natya if? = Which aspects are different?

Nam-tor el-toraya na’orensu svi’shi’oren t’du ra? = What free activities are for students in your school?

Practice 1-16 Ra Tor Au

>>Practice 1-16 Tor au ra? = What do they do/make?

Dator’es: Preparation:

Dungi, zhu-tor du vathsu tar pu’toraya t’au du’gadtra, i’ kitau du sha’toraya t’du eh ya’akash du vathsular heh rasathau on.
Before, you asked others to talk about during their week, now write your own activities and ask others and compare both.

1. Toraya t’nash-veh gad’es (daily) 
2. Toraya t’nash-veh sheht t’gadtra (weekends)

Oren-tor (Learning)
El-wak (Free-time)
Fi’ar’kadan (At work working)
Tam-tor (dancing)
Kohl-tor (meditating)
Ranau (training)
Vathru (other, differently)

Kitau du wuh zhit-bal na’on. Write one sentence for both.

1. __________________

2. __________________

Practice 1-15 Oren-Toraya

>>Practice 1-15 Toraya t’oren-kal t’du. = Activities of your classmates.

Dator’es > Czar ret eh linisau du reh su. Kitau du pitoh eh tar du na’oren-ret.
Preparation > Wander the room and investigate three people. Write notes and tell the classroom.

Tor du svi’sheht t’gadtra ra? = What do you do on the weekend?
Glantau du gluvayek tishaik wilat? = Where do you watch TV you like?
Mahr-tor du svi’shi’dunap ra? = What do you buy in the library?
Oren-tor du tsurik wilat? = Where do you usually study?
Ar’kada du sheht t’gadtra ha? = Do you work on weekends, yes?

Di-Kizh (Exchange)
Dvin-tor du ro-fori na’oren-ret. Serve the info to the classroom.

Practice 1-14 Linisaya

>>Practice 1-14 Linisaya (Interview/Investigation)
https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/

Linisau tu oren-kal. Interview a classmate.

(grammar examples)
Verb Subject > Object
Play you > where
Study you > subject
Sleep they > when

Toraya / Activity Wilat / Where Lu / When
Oren-tor na’nisan rihagik __________________________
Glantau na’gluvayek __________________________
Mon-tor kofi (coffee) __________________________
Zhu-tor ralash-tanaf __________________________
Mahr-tor ein dunap k’oren t’du __________________________

Practice 1-13 Kodona

>>Practice 1-13 Kodona t’Ra (What Is It’s Cost)
Du’halan, ya’akash yaretsu kodona ra - kit’uh uf ya’akash au eh tar t’du.
During trips, visitors ask what a cost is - write how they might ask and your reply.

1. ____________________

Deshker Iyula Vuhkansu (Vulcan Culture Question) Extra-credit:
Is-tor einsu donku, rim vath -- is-tor sular sha’donku yauluhk po il rik’po?

2. ____________________

Practice 1-12 Stariben Vath

>>Practice 1-12

Stariben Vath (another discussion) / (ashiva-tar)
Dator’es (Preparation)

Telv-tor du stariben svi’orensu eh svi’nersu, yi ovsoh du zhit-bal. = Read conversation between student and clerk, then complete the sentence.

Orensu: Bolau nash-veh mahr-tor zhit-dunap na’oren vuhlkansu t’nash-veh.
Nersu: La nam-tor zhit-dunap maut romik.
Orensu: Kodona ra?
Nersu: Kodona rim.

1. Orensu bolau _________________________.
2. Nam-tor zhit-dunap ____________________.
3. Nam-tor na’oren t’_____________________.
4. Zhit-dunap kodona t’___________________.

Practice 1-11 Rihamau

>> Practice 1-11 Rihamau (Verifying)

Fill in the blanks with the letter choice.
1. ____________ orensu svi’shi’dunap.
a. Mon-tor kofi
b. Oren-tor
c. Staribau

2. Glantan na’gluvayek svi’___________
a. Shi’dunap
b. Shahov
c. Kelek

3. Fau-tor fi’dah-halek ____________
a. Shat t’gadtra
b. Svi’yokul-kel
c. Svi’taul

4. Torvukh-nahr u’ki’haf-dukal (basketball) svi’_____
a. Tal-zup-shal
b. Shi’torvukh
c. Kelek t’savensular

Chapter 1 - Toraya t'Orensu

Chapter 1 - Toraya t’Orensu / Student Activities

Svi’Shi’Dunap / In the Library

Nahr-tor ein orensular svi’shi’dunap. Kitaun pitohlar heh ar’kadan na’kitaya t’au.

Some students study in the library. They write notes and work on their writings.

v-image-1-3

T’ein-wak, pstha au pitohlar svi’zhit-dunap. K’ashiv, staribau au pa’oren t’au.

Sometimes, they search for notes in the dictionary. Often, they talk about their classes.

v-image-1-4

Stariben svi’shi’dunap = Conversation in the Library

Orensu: Bolau nash-veh zhit-dunap na’oren t’kitau-tanaf vuhlkansu.

Nersu (clerk): Suk il pi?

Orensu: Suk, heh ek-vuhlkansu

Nersu: Nash zhit-dunap maut romik.

Orensu: Kodona ra?

Nersu: Kodona-fam. Ish shi’dunap.

/translation/

Student: I need a dictionary for Vulcan writing class.

Clerk: Large or small?

Student: Large, and all-vulcan.

Clerk: This dictionary is very good.

Student: What expense?

Clerk: Expense-less. This is a library.