>>Chapter 1 - Is-Lof heh Shid / Functions and Forms
Varsu (storyteller/reporter)
Varsu: Tonk’peh, rom-gad, Varsu Juvs nash-veh s’sasayek 7 ro’fori, vu ahmlar ra, lesek.
Mels: Nam-tor Mels nash-veh eh ish T’Loc
Varsu: Ma vular ha toranik?
T’Loc: Ha, nam-tor torvukhsu (athletes) etwel. Nahr-tor (to train) etwel maut torvukh (sports). Mavau (to play) Mels svi’sahr-toran. Nahr-tor nash-veh ash’ya-dukal (soccer).
Mels: Heh sheht-gadtra halekau (to bike) nash-veh.
Varsu: Set’ki! Maut lesek.
V-image-1-5
Varsu (storyteller/reporter)
Varsu: Tonk’peh, rom-gad, Varsu Juvs nash-veh s’sasayek 7 ro’fori, vu ahmlar ra, lesek.
Mels: Nam-tor Mels nash-veh eh ish T’Loc
Varsu: Ma vular ha toranik?
T’Loc: Ha, nam-tor torvukhsu (athletes) etwel. Nahr-tor (to train) etwel maut torvukh (sports). Mavau (to play) Mels svi’sahr-toran. Nahr-tor nash-veh ash’ya-dukal (soccer).
Mels: Heh sheht-gadtra halekau (to bike) nash-veh.
Varsu: Set’ki! Maut lesek.
V-image-1-5
> Indicate which statements are true (yeht) or false (riyeht), based on the reporter’s interview with Mels and T’Loc.
________ Juvs tersu t’gluvaya.
________ Nahr-tor Mels eh T’Loc wehk torvukh.
________ Mavau T’Loc svi’sahr-tor.
________ Nahr-tor Mels ash’ya-dukal.
________ Nahr-tor T’Loc ki’haf-dukal.
________ Halekau Mels heh T’Loc k’dah-halek.
> GRAMMAR > PRESENT TENSE > WEAK VERBS: ADDING -TOR (DO/MAKE)
Action (toraya), feelings (zherka), and states of being (kya), you need to use verbs. In English/Vulcan, the infinitive is the form of the word that presents an active or ongoing action. In English, the verbs are written with “to-verb,” to live long, to prosper, etc. Infinitives, all Vulcan verbs belong to three groups, weak verbs (ex: noun-tor), regular strong verbs (ex: tishau/tishaya), and irregular strong verbs (ex: ip-sut). This section is for weak verbs.
Dif-tor (to live long)
Dif-tor nash-veh = I live long a long time, I am living a long.time.
Sahr-tor (to run, to be quick)
Sahr-tor etek = We run, we are running.
Yuk-tor (to sleep)
Yuk-tor cat = the cat sleeps, the cat is sleeping
Use the present tense to express what you and others do, and ongoing actions. Context, sentence arrangement, will relay if it is ongoing or aspect.
Mahal-tor aluk svi’masu. = A fish swims in water.
Mahal-tor Sams na’gef. = Sams is swimming toward the shore.
*the letter i’ means now, and can change the meaning of the sentence to and from ongoing/aspect, use it sparingly or before the verb until sure.
>Here is a list for describing time. Nash feim na’wak-kethelvaya.
Kwon-sum = Always
Kanok-gad = Everyday
Kanok-gadra = every week
Kanok-tevun-krus = every month
K’ashiv = Often
Ul-wak = Sometimes
Worla = Never
> Here are some common weak -tor verbs/expressions
Tam-tor = to dance
Zan-tor = to view, to asses
Bek-tor = to wait
Mahr-tor = to buy
Zhu-tor = to hear
Oren-tor = to study, to learn
Shom-tor = to rest
Gla-tor = to see
Dva-tor = to believe
El-tor = to release, to free
Nahr-tor = to practice, to train
Fun-tor = to return, to revisit
Is-tor = to use
> Nahran > See what you know.
Wordlist > nash-veh, du, vu, etek, orensu
1. Mahr-tor __________ dunap na’oren ma au.
2. Is-tor __________ tum-vel oren-tor raf-vistra.
3. Kosu, gla-tor __________ ein-vel aitlu mahr-tor.
4. Heh __________, shom-tor etek za’oren wilat?
5. Fun-tor __________ na’oren-kel na’shi’dunap.
6. Bek-tor __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh fi’wak t’gad.
________ Juvs tersu t’gluvaya.
________ Nahr-tor Mels eh T’Loc wehk torvukh.
________ Mavau T’Loc svi’sahr-tor.
________ Nahr-tor Mels ash’ya-dukal.
________ Nahr-tor T’Loc ki’haf-dukal.
________ Halekau Mels heh T’Loc k’dah-halek.
> GRAMMAR > PRESENT TENSE > WEAK VERBS: ADDING -TOR (DO/MAKE)
Action (toraya), feelings (zherka), and states of being (kya), you need to use verbs. In English/Vulcan, the infinitive is the form of the word that presents an active or ongoing action. In English, the verbs are written with “to-verb,” to live long, to prosper, etc. Infinitives, all Vulcan verbs belong to three groups, weak verbs (ex: noun-tor), regular strong verbs (ex: tishau/tishaya), and irregular strong verbs (ex: ip-sut). This section is for weak verbs.
Dif-tor (to live long)
Dif-tor nash-veh = I live long a long time, I am living a long.time.
Sahr-tor (to run, to be quick)
Sahr-tor etek = We run, we are running.
Yuk-tor (to sleep)
Yuk-tor cat = the cat sleeps, the cat is sleeping
Use the present tense to express what you and others do, and ongoing actions. Context, sentence arrangement, will relay if it is ongoing or aspect.
Mahal-tor aluk svi’masu. = A fish swims in water.
Mahal-tor Sams na’gef. = Sams is swimming toward the shore.
*the letter i’ means now, and can change the meaning of the sentence to and from ongoing/aspect, use it sparingly or before the verb until sure.
>Here is a list for describing time. Nash feim na’wak-kethelvaya.
Kwon-sum = Always
Kanok-gad = Everyday
Kanok-gadra = every week
Kanok-tevun-krus = every month
K’ashiv = Often
Ul-wak = Sometimes
Worla = Never
> Here are some common weak -tor verbs/expressions
Tam-tor = to dance
Zan-tor = to view, to asses
Bek-tor = to wait
Mahr-tor = to buy
Zhu-tor = to hear
Oren-tor = to study, to learn
Shom-tor = to rest
Gla-tor = to see
Dva-tor = to believe
El-tor = to release, to free
Nahr-tor = to practice, to train
Fun-tor = to return, to revisit
Is-tor = to use
> Nahran > See what you know.
Wordlist > nash-veh, du, vu, etek, orensu
1. Mahr-tor __________ dunap na’oren ma au.
2. Is-tor __________ tum-vel oren-tor raf-vistra.
3. Kosu, gla-tor __________ ein-vel aitlu mahr-tor.
4. Heh __________, shom-tor etek za’oren wilat?
5. Fun-tor __________ na’oren-kel na’shi’dunap.
6. Bek-tor __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh fi’wak t’gad.
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