Practice 1-Review

>> Practice 1-Review 1-Va-oren

Tal
kominsu-tal anthropology
te'koshif         architecture
Dvatai-tal political science
Iksan-tal          economics
Vuhlkansu Vulcan
Su’us-tal        Mathematics
Shal-tal       Geography
Vesht-tal         History
Tum-vel-tal Computer Science
Tumau-tal Programming
Vistra-tal         Networking (IT)
Kitau-tanaf Literature
Kloshai-tal Psychology
Shila-tal          Sociology

Shi
Shi’dunap Library
Shi’mon         Cafe
Shi’yem          Cafeteria
Kelek Home
Ni’hin Bar/Pub
Taul Club
Shi’ranaya Gym
Tal-zup-shal Laboratory/Workshop
Dunap-mahr Bookstore
Keltra Office
Shahov         Beach
Shi’svitan Plaza, townsquare
Orenkeltra University

Nen
Ek’Tal Science
To-Go Law
Iyula Culture
Ro’Fori Information
Has-Tal         Medicine

Sular
Orensu         Student
Tersu Partner
Mahrsu         Salesperson
Au         They
Etek, etwel We
T/D/Vular You all
Vath, vathsu Other

Taran
I’ now
Vel thing
Ein-vel something
Rom-palikaya      good start (good luck)
Uf k’du?            How are you?
Dau uf’i?            How are things? (informal)
Ba’tan oren ma tu? How many classes do you have?
Tan ra?           How many?
kidona ra?           What does it cost?
Ifis ra?                What's going-on?

Kethelvaya
Guhf Boring
Os          Old
Rom Good
Rihag Difficult
Orenau-bosh Studious
Ohrom Excellent
Marom Great, sturdy
Hag          Easy
Dan-tishaya favorite
Suk          Big
Set’ko interesting, fascinating
Rasahkos         Bad
Pi         Small
Terrasu         Human

Taran t’wak’es
Ein-wak sometimes
K’ashiv often
Wehk many
Weht more
Ten less

Deshkaun
Uf How?
Lu When?
If Which?
Ba'tan Count/number?
Tala Worth?
Kadona Cost?
Wilat Where?
Na’ra For what?
Po Why?
Ra What?
Vi Who?
Tan   Count/amount?

Tor-zhit
Oren-tor to learn
Orenau to study
Ranau to train
Mon-tor to drink
Tam-tor to dance
Pstha to search
Lates to walk
Yem-tor to eat
Mahr-tor to buy
Fai-tor to know
Ken-tor to understand
Tar to speak
Stariben to converse, chat
Sahr-tor to run
Aitlu to need or want
Kitau to write
Zhu-tor to listen
Nam-tor to be
Kah to be
Telv-tor to read
Sarlah to arrive
Gla-tor to see
Glanau to observe
Fau-tor to ride
Toranau to participate
Kesau to respond
Prah to get, obtain
Nem-tor to take, acquire
Ha-tor to live
Dif-tor to live long
Ar’kada to work

CONTINUE TO CHAPTER 2.
(compiled 7-June-2019)

>> Practice 1-46, 1-47, 1-48 Skladau

>> Practice 1-46

In this practice, reply to a student email. Read the message and write 2 or more questions about Vulcan life.

Email:

Tonk’peh, sha’ahmau na’Parea. Oren-tor nash-veh svi’oren-keltra. Ma nash-veh kehkuh oren. Na’aifa khru ranau nash-veh torvukh fi’tor-kel.

LLAP,

Parea.

>> Practice 1-47

Kitaya: Email the Vulcan student about your life.

1. Introduce yourself: _________________
2. Explain your training: _________________
3. List your routines:_________________
4. Ask some questions: _________________

>> Practice 1-48

Wuhkuh wehtik: Proofread with a partner(s), add one more (wuh-wehtik, weh-wuhkuh) question, then submit for review.

Checklist: Pohkaya lozhika? Ifis t’zhit-feim? Yeht wak na’kanok droi? Yeht tor-zhit il vel-zhit? Yeht zunlar?

Question 5. __________________________________

Practice 1-44, 1-45

>> Practice 1-44
Choose the correct answer.
1. Vuhlkansu
a. Gen-lis
b. Shi’Dunap

2. Gen-lis
a. Maut uzh
b. Maut os

3. Ma oren-kel
a. Su’us
b. Sular

4. Dunap ro’fori
a. Zhit t’Vuhlkansu
b. Yem-tukh

5. Ma oren-keltra
a. Savensular
b. Wehk do wuhkuh kelek.

>> Practice 1-45
Visit https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/
Describe
What language you’re studying.
Where you can study it.
Why you would or wouldn’t like to study on planet Vulcan.

Practice 1-43 Tal

>> Practice 1-43
Areas of study:
HAS-TAL (medicine)
LAL’SHARR (fine arts)
HASERET-TAL (pharmacology)
KLOSHAI-TAL (psychology)
GEN-LIS-TAL (linguistics)

Which classes belong to which areas of study.
Vukhuyt-tal, terkwul shilaik, gluv-tumau, ta-bek hasamik, zhit-isan t’Vuhlkansu, is-lof-tal, vesht-var t’gen-lis, haseret krusitik, tanafsu Vuhlkansu.

Note: Before reading Vulcan, examine the text to make logical guesses about the translation.

Practice 1-41, 1-42 Wehk Ranaya

>> Practice 1-41 Wehk Ranaya
Read this.

Shi’Dunap-Sarek
Dun (paper)
Va’Asaya (copies)
Gol-Raf-Vel (electronic accessories)
Oren-Dunap (schoolbooks)
Thalvtra (newspaper, magazine)
Svitan 3 (plaza/center 3)
Apple-yut 10 (Apple st #10)
Puvatayek su’us 1234567890

41a: Puvatau tu mahr-kel Dunap-Sarek, ya’akash na’ein-vel, heh tala ra.
41a: Call store Bookstore Sarek, ask for something, and it costs what.

41b: Makausu tu, kesau tu droi t’kleposausu. Ya’akash tu ro’fori.
41b: You are the seller, answer question of customer. Ask information.

To answer the phone: Tonk’peh (hello), Nashayalar (greetings), Nash-veh la (I am here.)
To greet a stranger: Rom asal, aru, mu-yor. (good morning, afternoon, evening)
To ask: Bolau nash-veh_____. Ma tular______ ah?

Ifis-tor du: Use:
Deshker-zhit (question words), yeht-ro’fori (correct info), thalvtra wuhkuh zhit (chapter one words), yeht-tor-zhit (accurate verbs).
Write and submit your conversation.

>> Practice 1-42
Write a message detailing school items, where to buy, and cost.

Practice 1-40 Ni'droi k'deshker

>> Practice 1-40 Ni'Droi K'Deshker / Answer with a question.

Learn how to form a question by making one with each statement.
Answers:
1. A’tuo (adress) t’shi’dunap na’Green-yut.
2. Ah, ma nash-veh dunap t’ek’tal svi’Vuhlkansu.
3. Rai, ma nash-veh rim dunap t’ha’tal svi’Eingelsu.
4. Dunap tala (costs) 40 li (credits)
Questions:
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________

Um (Tips)
Deshkau tu feretau na’ro’fori. Deshker ya’akash rom-kro’el palikau t’stariben, il isha prah ro’fori aitlu tu. Ya’akash deshkerlar, aitlu tu vokau deshk-zhit heh tsuri-zhit-bal vah “Nam-tor….uf? Tala …..ra? ….wilat? …..ra? heh, k’vi…..?”

Practice 1-38, 1-39 Yeht il Riyeht

>> Practice 1-38
True or False / Yeht il Riyeht

1. Oren-tor T’Pol heh Spock svi’oren-keltra na’ka. _____
2. Ma Spock oren (studies/classes) t’ek’tal heh ha’tal. ________
3. Telv-tor T’Pol svi’shi’dunap na’oren t’ko-veh. ______
4. Ved-bosh (actually) Halovau Spock vath shi k’oren t’sa-veh. _____
5. Ma T’Pol oren fi’aru. ____


Observation: Linisau
Can you see educational subjects in the 5 statements? Which? ____________________________________
Which places were listed? ____________________________________
What verbs were used? ____________________________________



>> Practice 1-39
Class Activity: With a partner, describe the first day of your week, then in pairs present your story to the entire class. Full sentences aren’t needed, just Verb, Subject, Object, unless more is necessary.

Practice 1-37 Gen-Lis

>> Practice 1-37 Gen-Lis / Language

Gen-Lis: Like English, Vulcan adjectives can come before, attached-to, or after a noun. Rewrite this sentence in anyways possible without losing context. (self-assessment)

Example: Spen-tor sahr-khav-jarel abru’ron-tu kas’elik.
English: "The quick brown jarel jumps over the lazy dog"
Rearranged: __________________________________________

Practice 1-36 Vathtra

>>Practice 1-36 Vathtra
Using what you’ve learned in 1-36, choose a species, listed or unlisted, then write something about them. If possible, have your group read your entry for errors, then submit as assignment for progress assessment.

Koshtri (species) __________
Sha / Vath (self/other) __________
Kethelvaya (description): _________________________________.
______________________________.

Practice 1-35 Koshtri-Nisan

Practice 1-35 Koshtri-Nisan
Species Quiz. Decipher the descriptions to identify characteristics of the following species:

> (Eingelsu)
Q Andorian Talaxian Bajoran Cardassian Ferengi Changeling Vortasu Vulcan

>> (Vuhlkansu)
Vorta Andorsu Cardassu Kushizsu Talakksu Beidzhorsu Kyu’ Ferengisu Vuhlkansu

>>> (Kethelvaya)
- Maut laman. Tishaya t’lamekh. Tar t’riyeht k’ashiv.
- Pen. Tishaya t’samek. Kresik. Karik-fonn eh karik-nemut.
- Per mabuhl. Ashau fas-tor. Hag-kis-ka.
- Ihv-tor t’kaluk. Tershausu t’kafun-moghush. Aitlun telan.
- Sha’skasau kwon-sum. It-fam il mihrsh. Sahris ahmau.
- Skan-tor na’kanok-veh kanok-vel. Ip-sut t’zherka. Tishau t’ralash-tanaf.
- Lautuv’es il takov. Telv-tor na’glenokitaya. Rishar.
- Rim sahrafel. Ma t’zaprahan. Maut mihrsh heh ashaya-bosh.
- Orniaga tara. Ortal. Mavausu t’zhagra u’yeht-ha.

V-image-1-13 click to enlarge

Practice 1-34 Vuhlkantra

Practice 1-34 Vuhlkantra

Do logical Vulcans do the following things?

1. Gol-tor na’oren kanok-gad?
2. Sarlah tab-ma na’oren?
3. Stariben k’savensu t’au?
4. Ifis-tor au svirbayek (telephone) svi’oren?
5. El’ru she-tor heh rolau (react)?
6. Prah (get) rom ulidar (grades)?
7. Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf svi’oren?
8. Orenau na’nisan (for tests)?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Practice 1-33 Linisau

Practice 1-33
Linisau (Investigate)

Form 6 questions to learn about these facts.
1. Su’us t’oren if ma tu r’tas. / Number of classes which you have this year.
2. Oren tishau tu dan. / Class you like most.
3. Su’us t’orensu svi’oren dan-tishaya. / Number of students in class most liked.
4. Ahm t’savensu dan-tishaya. / Name of favorite teacher.
5. Wilat orenau k’vi. / Where they study.
6. Lu ar’kada. / Where they work.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.



Sha’nisan (self-test)

Read with your partner, prepare examples, vocabulary, grammar, and information.

Partner 1: Identify terms used, identify interrogatives. Use phrases, ideas, or questions.
Partner 2: Answers that include information, stay close to topic.

/

Practice 1-32 Desker

Practice 1-32 Deshker (Question).

Read the whole sentence before using VI, LU, MAU, IF, PO or RA.
1. Ma tu oren ___________? Ma nash-veh….
2. Nam-tor oren t’du ___________? Na’.....
3. Tishau tu oren ___________? Oren t’............
4. Savensu tishau du maut ___________? Savensu…….
5. Orenau tu Vuhlkansu ___________? Fayei……
6. Nam-tor orensu svi’oren-kel t’Vuhlkansu ___________? Nam-tor……

Chapter 1 > Deshker

>> Chapter 1 - Deshk-Zhit - Interrogatives
Interrogatives ask questions or outline specifics.

Uf how/what
Ra what
Lu when
Po why
Wilat where
If which
Vi who
Nosahp amount (math)
Mau  much
Kadona how much (parts: ka'don'a)
K’ashiv often
Tala   value/cost
Ba'tan  count (number)

Basic structure Verb-Subject-Object
Ar’kada X wilat? / Where does X work?

Basic Question: Verb-Subject-Interrogative
Svi’mahr-kel Sakkir po? / Why is Sakkir in the store?
Fayei aitlu sa-veh yem. / Because he needs food.

Changing the specifics:
Ra nam-tor Eingelsu? / What is (an) English?
Eingelsu wuhkuh gen-lis t’Terra. / English is one language of Earth.

Sa’haf t’du if? / Your bag is which?
Vu if sa’haf? / Is yours which bag?

Pointing to the question:
Ar’kadan du Friday? / Are you working Friday?
Ah, ha / yes
Rai, ri / no
Fi’ar’kadan du Friday? / At work are you Fridays?

Forcing interrogatives:
Ha-tor du la, ah? / Do you live here, yes?
Du fi’aitlun eifa, ri? / You want those, no?
Rim / none
Ulik / partially (kinda)

To ask someone to repeat is the same as most languages, using what, sorry, etc., but also:
Vesh’ra? / it was what? They were what?
Vesht? / It was?
Dungi? / It will be?
Uf k’du? / How are you? (greeting)
Ves if? / Which type/kind?

Uf, by itself, is used less than English because the how is the verb in VSO, but “how” will resurface as Vulcan is taught and written verb-subject-object (ex: wrote-I-the_message), as a proper method, but dialects of people different places, tend to drift into the SVO order shared by English.

Starting a sentence with a verb can and often does drift into a verb-finishing. It becomes prevalent when using only irregular verbs (such as “ma” to have) relying-on prepositions and interrogatives for direction.

Self-assessment: Ma du droi, ha?
Finish these questions using questionable words.
1> Ahmau tu ________?
2> Tishau tu veh ________?
3> Oren ______? Ten-mal (early) il tab’ma (late)?
4> Ha-tor sular (people) svi’kelek ________?
5> Ranau (practice) tu nash ___________?

Chapter 1 > Kilko eh Deshker

> Chapter 1 > Ya’akash heh Kilko-tor na’Deshker
Asking & Answering Questions

v-image-1-12 click to enlarge

.

Img src https://www.deviantart.com/philotic-net/art/Vulcan-Vegetables-131553615 

Fas-tor (cooking) T’Pol k’t’hyla t’ko-veh Spock svi’af’tum (kitchen). Zahvan sa-veh yem k’T’Pol. La ein droik t’T’Pol, heh ni’droik t’Spock.

1. T’Pol: T’ahmau kelek du uf? 

1. Spock: Ahmaya kelek rim.

2. T’Pol: Nam-tor wilat? 

2. Spock: Nam-tor svi’First-yut.

3. T’Pol: Oren t’du lu? 

3. Spock: Svi’asal heh svi’khru.

4. T’Pol: Kodona hali u’ra?

4. Spock: Siyah tal 55 lit.   

5. T’Pol: Dah-shalsu t’du k’vi? 

5. Spock: Rima dah-shalsu.

6. T’Pol: Aitlu ranau du ek’tal po? 

6. Spock: Na’gol na’vathsu.

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Exercise: Mix-up. Match the responses to these other questions. 

1. Ko-veh savensu Rick.

2. Rai ahmau dah-shalsu.

3. Svi’kelek t’nash-veh.

4. 55 lit. (monetary credits)

5. Svi’mu-yor.

A. Ha-tor du wilat? 

B. Oren ek’tal t’du lu?

C. Savensu dan-rom t’du k’vi?

D. Ahmau dah-shalsu (roommate) ra?

E. Kodona t’ha-kel u’maut?

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Sidenote: The word "don" means value and the common root of many financial terms, including - donku, money, and donaya, profit, a word you'll hear a Ferengi use a lot. A Vulcan might also say - don-ovaya, financial-growth. 

Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra

> Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra. Where Is What.

You have just arrived on the planet Vulcan. Your English friends are at the library, the cafe, and the dorms.

What important words will you to use in Vulcan to find them?
:___________________________________________
How would you use them in a sentence?
:___________________________________________
If someone asked your destination in Vulcan, what would you tell them in Vulcan?
:___________________________________________

Practice 1-31 Dau

Practice 1-31 Dau / Effect
v-image-1-11

.
>Stariben:
Using v-image-1-11, in Vulcan ask where someone in the picture is, or what they are doing, and then in Vulcan answer. If working with a partner, do as many examples as possible. If you prefer, draw and name your own Vulcans.

Question 1: ___________________________________________
Answer 1: ___________________________________________
Question 2: ___________________________________________
Answer 2: ___________________________________________
Question 3: ___________________________________________
Answer 3: ___________________________________________
Question 4: ___________________________________________
Answer 4: ___________________________________________
Sasu question: ___________________________________________
Sasu answer: ___________________________________________
Kosu question: ___________________________________________
Kosu answer: ___________________________________________

Practice 1-29, 1-30 Svi’yokul-ret

>> Practice 1-29 Svi’yokul-ret (In the eating room)
Finish the dialogue transcript.

Selok:Tonk’peh, Kedjus. Toranik (busy)? _______ vu?
Kedjus: _______ nash-veh mau-rom. Heh vu?
Selok: Maut romik. Heh _______ uf ko-kai (sister) Lani?
Kedjus: Rom, lesek. _______ ko-mekh heh ko-veh halovaya i’.
Selok: Sem-rik. Heh _______ etwel svi’nisan-tvi’eku (interval exams, final exams).

Practice 1-30 Wak heh Shid (time and place) 

Write two sentences asking where someone/something is at a time of day using kah and/or nam-tor. Then, trade with your partner to answer those questions using kah and/or nam-tor. (Without a partner, do one question/answer). 

Chapter 1 > Svirbarek

>>Chapter 1 > Svirbarek / Telephone
www.starbase-10.de/vld (dictionary)


Kirotalin (T’Lin): Uf Stariben T’Lin. 

Sud:  T’Lin! Rom zhu-tor. Nam-tor du wilat?

T’Lin: Shi’sov-hali t’London.

Sud: Halovau (traveling) sa-mekh (father) heh nash-veh svi’Chicago i. Nam-tor svi’mahr-kel sa-veh. Heh skan (family) kya t’dular? 

T’Lin: Kah etek maut rom. Zhu’voh. Trasha hashalan i.(the flight is leaving) Stariben ak etwel. Dif-tor heh smusma.

Sud: Sochya eh dif.

v-image-10 click to enlarge

.

Use KAH (or kya) or NAM-TOR (or nam) in the blanks.

1. __________ ‘T’Lin stariben k’Sud.

2. __________ Sud fi’halovaya.

3. Stan t’Sud __________ romik.

4. Zhu-tor __________ k’Sud.

5. __________ T’Lin heh Sud t’hyllu.

NAM-TOR expresses location and certain reality, KAH (KYA) almost everything except location. 

Nam-tor Sud wilat? = Sud is where?

Nam-tor Chicago. = He’s (in) Chicago) / Is (he) Chicago. 

Kah skan t’Kirotalin uf? = How is Kirotalin’s family?

Kah au maut romik. = They are very well. 

When we reverse the roles of kah and nam-tor: 

Kah au uf? = How are they? (How do they feel?)

Nam-tor au uf? = How are they still alive?

Kah zherka wilat? = Where is the emotion (in this / from here)?

Nam-tor zherka wilat? = Where is the emotion in it (its)?  

As stated in the introduction, the verbs for “to be” are pro-drop, meaning because of Vulcan grammar, both kya and kah are usually omitted. Because sometimes they clarify for the speaker or the listener, an easy way to remember them is, kah, it begins, nam-tor, it continues to be. (Later we’ll learn why these are weak and irregular-strong verbs.)

Complete these sentences to create a conversation. For extra credit, assign names to the speakers. When complete, upload for review. 

1. __________ savensu svi’oren-ret.

2. __________ etek romik.

3. __________ nash-veh s’udish.

4. __________ vu?

5. __________ t’hyllu t’nash-veh svi’shi’dunap.

6. __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh rom isha.

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/

Practice 1-28 Ra Bolau

>> Practice 1-28 Bolau ra? What is needed? (by yourself or with class)

Finish each conversation in Vulcan.

1A. Kirotalin: Aitlu ‘Satelk dunap svi’vuhlkansu.

1B. _______________________________________

2A. Joreth: Aitlu ‘Silek heh ‘Mirea toraya rom-oren svi’vuhlkansu.

2B. ________________________________________

3A. T’Lino: Aitlun oren-tor ‘Sarot na’nisan t’vuhlkansu.

3B. ______________________________________