Chapter 1 > Deshker

>> Chapter 1 - Deshk-Zhit - Interrogatives
Interrogatives ask questions or outline specifics.

Uf how/what
Ra what
Lu when
Po why
Wilat where
If which
Vi who
Nosahp amount (math)
Mau  much
Kadona how much (parts: ka'don'a)
K’ashiv often
Tala   value/cost
Ba'tan  count (number)

Basic structure Verb-Subject-Object
Ar’kada X wilat? / Where does X work?

Basic Question: Verb-Subject-Interrogative
Svi’mahr-kel Sakkir po? / Why is Sakkir in the store?
Fayei aitlu sa-veh yem. / Because he needs food.

Changing the specifics:
Ra nam-tor Eingelsu? / What is (an) English?
Eingelsu wuhkuh gen-lis t’Terra. / English is one language of Earth.

Sa’haf t’du if? / Your bag is which?
Vu if sa’haf? / Is yours which bag?

Pointing to the question:
Ar’kadan du Friday? / Are you working Friday?
Ah, ha / yes
Rai, ri / no
Fi’ar’kadan du Friday? / At work are you Fridays?

Forcing interrogatives:
Ha-tor du la, ah? / Do you live here, yes?
Du fi’aitlun eifa, ri? / You want those, no?
Rim / none
Ulik / partially (kinda)

To ask someone to repeat is the same as most languages, using what, sorry, etc., but also:
Vesh’ra? / it was what? They were what?
Vesht? / It was?
Dungi? / It will be?
Uf k’du? / How are you? (greeting)
Ves if? / Which type/kind?

Uf, by itself, is used less than English because the how is the verb in VSO, but “how” will resurface as Vulcan is taught and written verb-subject-object (ex: wrote-I-the_message), as a proper method, but dialects of people different places, tend to drift into the SVO order shared by English.

Starting a sentence with a verb can and often does drift into a verb-finishing. It becomes prevalent when using only irregular verbs (such as “ma” to have) relying-on prepositions and interrogatives for direction.

Self-assessment: Ma du droi, ha?
Finish these questions using questionable words.
1> Ahmau tu ________?
2> Tishau tu veh ________?
3> Oren ______? Ten-mal (early) il tab’ma (late)?
4> Ha-tor sular (people) svi’kelek ________?
5> Ranau (practice) tu nash ___________?

Chapter 1 > Kilko eh Deshker

> Chapter 1 > Ya’akash heh Kilko-tor na’Deshker
Asking & Answering Questions

v-image-1-12 click to enlarge

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Img src https://www.deviantart.com/philotic-net/art/Vulcan-Vegetables-131553615 

Fas-tor (cooking) T’Pol k’t’hyla t’ko-veh Spock svi’af’tum (kitchen). Zahvan sa-veh yem k’T’Pol. La ein droik t’T’Pol, heh ni’droik t’Spock.

1. T’Pol: T’ahmau kelek du uf? 

1. Spock: Ahmaya kelek rim.

2. T’Pol: Nam-tor wilat? 

2. Spock: Nam-tor svi’First-yut.

3. T’Pol: Oren t’du lu? 

3. Spock: Svi’asal heh svi’khru.

4. T’Pol: Kodona hali u’ra?

4. Spock: Siyah tal 55 lit.   

5. T’Pol: Dah-shalsu t’du k’vi? 

5. Spock: Rima dah-shalsu.

6. T’Pol: Aitlu ranau du ek’tal po? 

6. Spock: Na’gol na’vathsu.

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Exercise: Mix-up. Match the responses to these other questions. 

1. Ko-veh savensu Rick.

2. Rai ahmau dah-shalsu.

3. Svi’kelek t’nash-veh.

4. 55 lit. (monetary credits)

5. Svi’mu-yor.

A. Ha-tor du wilat? 

B. Oren ek’tal t’du lu?

C. Savensu dan-rom t’du k’vi?

D. Ahmau dah-shalsu (roommate) ra?

E. Kodona t’ha-kel u’maut?

https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/ 

Sidenote: The word "don" means value and the common root of many financial terms, including - donku, money, and donaya, profit, a word you'll hear a Ferengi use a lot. A Vulcan might also say - don-ovaya, financial-growth. 

Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra

> Chapter 1 > Wilat Ra. Where Is What.

You have just arrived on the planet Vulcan. Your English friends are at the library, the cafe, and the dorms.

What important words will you to use in Vulcan to find them?
:___________________________________________
How would you use them in a sentence?
:___________________________________________
If someone asked your destination in Vulcan, what would you tell them in Vulcan?
:___________________________________________