> Intro - Practice 22, 23, 24 (essay assignment)

> Intro - Practice 22

Using what you know, create a sentence.

> Intro - Practice 23

Using what you know, describe where something you see is.

>* Intro - practice 24 creative credit

> Intro - Location & Prepositions (list)

> Psthan t’sular heh t’velar (the search of people and things)

> Nam-tor savensu lu :: Where is the teacher?

> Rai il ah:: Yes or no.

Ish-veh fi’pasu ha. (Rai il ah.) _______

Ish-veh ne’pasu ha. (Rai il ah.) ________

Ish-veh svi’Myras heh Z ha. (Rai il ah) ______

Ish-veh na’Y ha. (Rai il ah) _____

Ish-veh fa’Y ha. (Rai il ah) _______

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1. Nam-tor pitoh-dunap na’pasu. _____

2. Nam-tor pitoh-dunap ne’pasu. _____

3. Nam-tor svep za’savensu. ____

4. Nam-tor svep fa’savensu. ____

5. Nam-tor T’Lus fa’Vuti. ______

6. Nam-tor T’Lus na’Vuta. ______

> Nam-tor + Location

“Nam-tor” means “to exist”, with “nam” meaning existence.

To express location, the verb nam-tor is used two ways.

1. Nam-tor dunap fi’pasu. = The book is on the table. (to be, is book, is on’table)
2. San t’nam svi’oren-ret. = San exists in the classroom. (Existence’s San, is in’classroom)

To ask about location:

1. Nam-tor savensu lu. = Where is the teacher?
2. Nam-tor ish-veh svi’oren-ret. = He/she is in the classroom.
3. Nam-tor dunap lu. = Where is the book?
4. Ish-veh t’nam fi’pasu. = It exists on the table.

L1 Location Terms: PREPOSITIONS

Abi’ = until	Mesakh = beyond	Si’ = outside of,
Abru’ = above, over, up	Na’ = for, toward, to, at	Ska’ = off
Be’ = beside, near, by	Ne’ = under, down	Spo’ = like
Bi’ = along	Ne’rak = submerged, buried	Svi’ = between, in, amid
Fa’ = in front of	Opi’ = since	T’ = of
Fi’ = on, onto	Pa’ = around, about	Tehnat = against, versus
K’ = with, by	Po’ = after	U’ = as much as
K’svi = within	Rik’ = without	Vesht = past
Kwi’ = very far from	Rikes = unlike	Vi’ = into
Mes’ = across	S’ = from	Za’ = behind

> Intro - Fai (knowledge) 1

Fai-tor du?

Nam-tor savensu ________________

Nam-tor Juan __________

Nam-tor dunap _________

Nam-tor Mercedes

1. be’Vuti
2. fa’T’Lus
3. svi’Myras heh svi’T’Lus
4. fi’kitau-skaf

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> Intro > Practice 19 & 20 (nam-tor)

> Using Nam-tor

The verb nam-tor is called a weak verb because it is simple noun nam “existence” with the verb tor “do/make” attached.

Nam-tor nash-veh Sonok. = I am Sonok.

Nash nam-tor T’Lon. = This is T’Lon.

Nam-tor Tuvok t’hy’la = Tuvok is a friend.

Nam-tor skamau = He/she/it is attracting.

Negatives. Vuhlkansu doesn’t use double-negatives for negations.

Nam-tor ko-veh kash-tok. = She is intelligent.

Rai. Ri nam-tor sa-veh kash-tok. = No. He isn’t intelligent.

Nam-tor rihansu kwai ha. = Are Romulans wild?

Ah, nam-tor rihansu kwai. = Yes, Romulans are wild.

> Intro – Practice 19

Nam-tor nash-veh… (I am…)

Nam-tor du kwai ha. ________________________

Nam-tor du uf. ____________________

[Word list: tan’es, wuh’es, kash-tok, pthak-bosh, ac’ruth, rom, vinik, fusik.]

> Intro – Practice 20

Kethelvayalar (Descriptions)

Ask a partner about someone/something. Describe by using any word you want.

Nam-tor _____ uf?

Nam-tor ______________________.

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> Intro - Identifying and describing people

> Kek heh Shid (Function & Form)

1. Identifying and describing people.

(example 1)

Serran: Nam-tor ish sasu vi. = Who is that man?

Tivlan: Nam-tor Sarek. = It is Sarek.

Serran: Nam-tor Sarek uf. = How is Sarek?

Tivlan: Sa-veh lozhika heh zherka-bosh. = He is logical and emotional.

Taajk: Nam-tor ish kosu vi. = Who is that woman?

Vutuul: Nam-tor T’Pol. = It is T’Pol.

Taajk: Nam-tor T’Pol uf. = How is T’Pol?

Vutuul: Ko-veh torupik heh maut satalaya. = She is active and very determined.

2. Po’nah-tor.

(Think about-it.)

________________ wimish Tivlan po’Sarek.

Nam-tor ________________ Sarek.

Nam-tor ____________ maut stalaya.

T’Pol _________.

Intro - Practice 17 & 18

> Svi’vath zhit (In other words)

Different vulcans have different accents by region, but the grammatical rule is that however a region pronounces a vowel is uniform each time it is used. Due to this, some words may fall out of favor within certain communities due to its pronunciation difficulty. This is common of all language – it may take time to learn other dialects of vulcan such as ancient vulcan or highland vulcan.

> Practice 17

Wugaya (confirmation)

Take turns saying and writing something simple in Vulcan, then see if your partner spelled it properly.

> Practice 18

Ahmlar (Names)

Tell someone how to spell your name with the Vulcan letters.

Intro - Culture 4

Cultural (Iyula):

 The features, phonology, syntax and morphology are mostly derived from canonized vulcan language. Vulcan grammar in its full form describes and translates from English literally, but also can omit words due to a sentence’s context, as in nam-tor being dropped because of left-to-right inheritance. Pro-drop copula and morphologic participles as an analytical language, commonly noun-compounding, long and short vowels only differ between dialects, long vowels “aa” are rare except in place names and loan-words and otherwise written “ah”. Adverbs can have a combining form, and prepositions are always a prefix in modern-vulcan. Some dialects require pervasive preposition suffixes, but they aren’t covered until vulcan level three, this is still the intro to level 1. Common onset consonant clusters: psth-, fn-, tv-, kv-, kvl-, tl-, yr-, dj-, and many more, 60 consonant clusters in total. When writing/typing vulcan is written in the direction your computer uses, but can be handwritten in any direction as long as consistent. These alphabets above are used to write Golic Vulcan (reference as vuhlkansu, MGT or VLI) as taught in this book as the main language, but can include the lesser used dialects and loanwords. When reading Vulcan font, there are no capital letters, but an ahm-glat (name-sign) is often used to distinguish proper nouns, and has its own symbol. Humans must use Federation Standard alphabets to learn the vulcan language. Loan words from other dialects and new compounds are used in vuhlkansu to translate english accurately, but fluent speakers may sound like they are speaking in only nouns or even omitting context due to vulcan’s word-root system, and will be discussed in the final lessons.

> Intro > The Vulcan Alphabet (Zukitan)

> The Vulcan Alphabet (Zukitan)

There are 3 ways to memorize the Vulcan alphabet.

1) Using your native language mnemonics, English: A-Z

2) Nuhm-torektra (letter system, VLI). The following letters are listed in learning order, each letter has it’s own symbol in vulcan handwriting, type-font, and ancient-calligraphy. One difference from English is that Y is never a vowel, and each letter is pronounced, even if multiple vowels connect.

S T P K R L A Sh O U D V Kh E H G Ch I N Zh M Y F Z Th W B

S sa, T tan, P tapan, K ko, R rata, L la, A asal, Sh shai, O ozhika, U um, D dif, V vanu, Kh khaf, E ‘es, H ha, G gen, Ch sochya, I itar, N nala, Zh zherka, M malat, Y yen, F tafar, Z zun, Th thes, W wak, B buhfik.

Can you write a message using just letters?

There are many letter clusters in vuhlkansu, some that aren’t typical of English, but each letter is pronounced. There are no silent letters in modern-vulcan. Many human languages have sounds not used in English, and despite not being listed in vuhlkansu, those types of enunciation are merely considered different accents of the standard alphabet, thus there is no sounds vuhlkans can’t pronounce after proper instruction and practice.

3) The Korsaya systems, Traditional Vulcan Calligraphy (Vanu-Tanaf-Kitaun) & Standard Vulcan Script (Gotavlu-Zukitan) & Vulcan Handwriting (El’ru-Kitaun): This phonetic-clarified system and available font download has some compatibility with single letter pairing to the English keyboard, but for full adaptive text generation a vulcan interface is required.

Mo, No, oNG, Po, Bo, Fo, Vo, To, Do, Lo, Ro, So, Zo, Tho, SHo, ZHo, TSo, CHo, TCHo, DZHo (Jo), Ko, Go, KHo, Ho, o’o, Yo, Wo, I, IH, II, U, UH, UU, O, OH, OO, OI, E, EH, EE, EI, A, AH, AA, AI, AU.

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> Practice 16 Is-bosh Taran (useful expressions)

> Practice 16 Is-bosh Taran (useful expressions)

Translate the following into vuhlkansu.

1. Look at the board.

2. Open the book.

3. Ask your partner.

4. Repeat.

5. Sit.

6. Read.

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>> Intro – Practice 15 (group)

>> Intro – Practice 15 (group)

Nam-tor igen-va ra?

1. Svi’na-da-kuv (in the polar circle) _______
2. Fi’dahs-da-kuv (on the equator) ________
3. Svi’kahr t’nash-veh (in my city) _________
4. Svi’Shi’al (in the capital) _______

>> Is-bosh taran svi’oren-ret (useful expressions in the classroom)

Ha-kel toraya, sanu = Homework, please.
Glazhau na’gluvayek = Look at the screen.
Droi / Kilko = answer
Vu kitau = you write
Ashenau el’ru t’du = raise your hand
Ashiv-tor = to-repeat
Ashiv = one/a repeat
Telv-tor = to read
Kanok-veh = every-one
ek’veh = all (of them/us)
ek = all
X tvai ra = what does X mean?
Utvau X ra? = what is the reason (for) X?
Ken-tor du ra = Understand you yes. (Do you understand?)
Ma tu deshker (/deshkaya). = Have you question. (Do you have a question?)
Droi, sanu. = Answer, please.
Glantau na’oren-skonn = Look to the learning-surface (board).
krusitau on (/on-veh) = alternate both (both-people)
Mesya tular = tag (the game) you all
mesyut-krusitaya = opposite-alternate (take turns)
Tar pa’X = talk about X
Tar tersu t’du = tell your partner
Weh-vohris, sanu = slower, please
Weh-ral, sanu = louder, please
S’thalv ra = From what page?
Stariben (po) X (po), svi’Vuhlkansu = How do they say X in Vuhlkansu?
(as a formative clause, po, can form a question, or be part of a larger question.)
Va = again
La nash-veh = Here I am. (present)
Ri ken-tor nash-veh = I don’t understand
Nash ken-tor rim. = this is understood none
Ri fai-tor nash-veh = I don’t know



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