Chapter 1 > Po'Wak

>Chapter 1 > Tar po'ha'kiv heh wak / Talking about life and times

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Varsu (reporter), Glayeksu (cameraperson); Varsu: Nashaut, rom aru. Var nash-veh nu-ri-orensu. Tor du pu’gad ra? (Hello, good afternoon. I’m interviewing young students. What do you make during the day?) Vuson: Nahr-tor Laasir ek’tal na’shi’oren. Namau sa-veh na’orenlar heh po’ el’torau (operates) sa-veh tal-zup-shal, heh fi’ar’kadan kanok-gad. Staribau sa-veh savensu heh oren mau. Telv-tor orensu t’ek’tal mau. nisan kitau, eh rom-talal prah. Orensu nash-veh t’te’koshif, heh kitau eh telv-tor t’hyllu heh nash-veh mau isha. Siyah ha nash-veh svi’tal-zup-shal wilat oren-tor nash-veh na’nisanlar. (Lassir studies science at university. He attends his classes and latter runs the lab, and he works everyday. He speaks with the professor and learns much. Students of science read much, write works of investigation, and get good grades. I’m a student of architecture, and my friends and I read and write much also. I almost (almost) live in the library when I study for the exams.) > Indicate which statements are true (yeht) or false (tehs), based on the reporter interview with Vuson. Yeht il Tehs: __________ Oren-tor Laasir te’koshif. __________ Ar’kada Laasir svi’tal-zup-shal heh oren mau. __________ Telv-tor heh kitau mau orensu. __________ Ri torau Laasir orenlar t’sa-veh fai’ei ar’kada. __________ Prah orensu rom-talal. __________ Nahr-tor Vuson te’koshif. __________ Ha Vuson siyah svi’tal-zup-shal.

Chapter 1 > Ranaya

>Chapter 1 > Ranaya eh Sha'Nisan / Practice & Self-Assessment Answer the following clues with the correct answer in Vulcan. A verb you do at work. = _________________________________ A place you go. = _________________________________ A time of day. = _________________________________ A descriptive adjective = _________________________________ An interrogative word = _________________________________ Use your answers to form a question. _________________________________ Use your answers to form a reply. _________________________________

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Practice 1-21 > Sha'Nisan

>> Practice 1-21 > Ranaya eh Sha'Nisan / Practice & Self-Test

Tsuri-gad svi’ha t’Kebi. = A usual day in the life of Kebi.

Describe what you see in the image below, by yourself or with a classmate.

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Kebi's greeting: _________________________________ 1. _________________________________ 2. _________________________________ 3. _________________________________ 4. _________________________________

Chapter 1 - Pok Tar

Ch1 - cultural - POK TAR
Many Vulcans eat smaller meals thru the day, in order to make metabolism efficient and to preserve resources by rationing meals as a cultural tradition. “TAR” means to speak in the general sense, or tell a short story, smalltalk. “POK” as listed, has unfamiliar origins as a single word, but similarly paik = general, pok = ready, pohk = regard, tah = unobtainable, t’ahr (pro-rhotic) = relates to observations. The quality of the food is more important than the quantity. Most pok-tar is a variety meal and not one food by itself, and in small servings to allow civilized conversation while eating.

Vulcans prefer to use cutlery (forks, knives, spoons) etc, traditionally to be clean in case of chance emergency. To humans, it might appear that Vulcans only eat appetizers, or that by eating many smaller meals, would appear to be eating often or too much. This is not necessarily true. They are traditionally vegetarians, but will survive by logical method.

Fi’math t’du ra? = What’s on your plate?
Kaasa = fruit
Kahm = meat
Kap-yar         = grain
Khlup = jelly
Kov-sayas = nut
Kreila = biscuit
Lag         = gum
Mashya         = tuber / edible root
Mun = sauce
Neik-tuf         = ribs
Kahm = meat
Pir mah          = strawberry toast
Shur = soup
Tei         = tea
Thas = milk
Thuhk = cheese
Yarmok         = salad
Yu-mur = egg
Ravot = insect
Ketek-haya = protein supplement

Feim-tor t’yem t’du, il yem kartan t’du, svi’vuhlkansu.
(List of food yours, or food order yours, in Vulcan.)
= Make a list of your food, or order your food, in Vulcan.

1. _______________________________________________

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Practice 1-20 Toraya Vakavik

>>Practice 1-20 Toraya Vakavik (Frequent Activities)

How often do you do the following things, ein-wak (sometimes), k’ashiv (often), kwon-sum (always), worla (never).

_______________ Oren-tor k’t’hyle.
_______________ Is-tor svi’Internet na’tor nisau.
_______________ Mavau fi’shaht t’gadtra.
_______________ Glantau na’YouTube.
_______________ Tam-tor fi’Friday heh t’Saturday.
_______________ Mon-tor t’kafiin* (coffee).

*there is no word for coffee in Vulcan, but the the Klingon word is qavin (written as qavIn). In using the latin-alphabet, the letter hard-c (not frequently used, more about C later) is pronounced more in the throat than the letter k is. Kafiin, with two i’s to imply that it’s a loan-word substitution. What do you think the best word for coffee and or caffeine is? reddit.com/r/Vuhlkansu

Chapter 1 - Nuhk’e

>>Chapter 1 - Nuhk’es / Manners
To get someone’s attention:
Zhu! (or zhu’uh) = Hey! (someone you know, literally, a listen)
Zhu’voh lesek. = Listen please.
Lesek = please
Osu = Sir, ma’am

To interrupt:
Nuhk, ma nash-veh va’akash. = Courtesy, have I question.
Nuhk, kya deshker = Courtesy, there is a question.
Nuhk = Courtesy, patience, politeness, pardon, etc.

To politely agree to answer:
K’nar. = Of course. (literally = “with an acceptance”)
Dungi = I will, it will, shall, etc.

What do you say in English and how do you say it in Vulcan?
1. ______________________________

Practice 1-19 Ni’Droi Mesuvulaya

>>Practice 1-19 Ni’Droi Mesuvulaya (Question Conversion)

Turn the following statements into questions.

1. Oren-tor t’vuhlkansu kanok-gad. = Learning Vulcan everyday. 2. Hal-tor na’oren-ret s’leh t’asal. = Going to class from 10 of the morning. 3. Zhu-tor s’ralash-tanaf vuhlkansu. = Listening to music in Vulcan. 4. Ar’kada svi’keltra fi’aru. = Working in an office complex for the afternoon. 1. ________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________

Practice 1-18 Va’per

>>Practice 1-18 Va’per (Routine):
Pick and choose, the things in your daily routine.

____ Tam-tor svi’kelel t’nash-veh svi’asal-gad.
____ Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf svi’mashulayek (shower).
____ Fun-tor na’oren-kel kanok-gad.
____ Is-tor nash-veh social-media
____ Nahr-tor svi’shi’dunap.
____ Bek-tor na’hali.
____ Gla-tor na’tarayalar s’gluvayek.
____ Ul-wak oren-tor na’torvukh k’t’hylla t’nash-veh.

Comparing answers with others: Example
Ma ____ heh ____ droi kaik. = Have ____ and ____ answer similar.

Practice 1-17 Dvel

>> Practice 1-17 Dvel (Preference) Dvellar (Preferences)

1 = Most interesting > 9 Least interesting

____ Tam-tor svi’taul.
____ Gla-tor na’gluvayek.
____ Oren-tor fi’iyula natya
____ Mahr-tor k’ai’ve (movies)
____ Fun-tor t’shahov
____ Fau-tor na’dah-halek
____ Zhu-tor na’ralash-tanaf
____ Shom-tor svi’kelek
____ Nahr-tor (fi’) s’udish

In a sentence: Na’nash-veh, (#) toraya (wuh, dah, reh, etc.)

Chapter 1 - Is-Lof heh Shid

>>Chapter 1 - Is-Lof heh Shid / Functions and Forms
Varsu (storyteller/reporter)

Varsu: Tonk’peh, rom-gad, Varsu Juvs nash-veh s’sasayek 7 ro’fori, vu ahmlar ra, lesek.
Mels: Nam-tor Mels nash-veh eh ish T’Loc
Varsu: Ma vular ha toranik?
T’Loc: Ha, nam-tor torvukhsu (athletes) etwel. Nahr-tor (to train) etwel maut torvukh (sports). Mavau (to play) Mels svi’sahr-toran. Nahr-tor nash-veh ash’ya-dukal (soccer).
Mels: Heh sheht-gadtra halekau (to bike) nash-veh.
Varsu: Set’ki! Maut lesek.

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> Indicate which statements are true (yeht) or false (riyeht), based on the reporter’s interview with Mels and T’Loc.
________ Juvs tersu t’gluvaya.
________ Nahr-tor Mels eh T’Loc wehk torvukh.
________ Mavau T’Loc svi’sahr-tor.
________ Nahr-tor Mels ash’ya-dukal.
________ Nahr-tor T’Loc ki’haf-dukal.
________ Halekau Mels heh T’Loc k’dah-halek.


> GRAMMAR > PRESENT TENSE > WEAK VERBS: ADDING -TOR (DO/MAKE)

Action (toraya), feelings (zherka), and states of being (kya), you need to use verbs. In English/Vulcan, the infinitive is the form of the word that presents an active or ongoing action. In English, the verbs are written with “to-verb,” to live long, to prosper, etc. Infinitives, all Vulcan verbs belong to three groups, weak verbs (ex: noun-tor), regular strong verbs (ex: tishau/tishaya), and irregular strong verbs (ex: ip-sut). This section is for weak verbs.

Dif-tor (to live long)
Dif-tor nash-veh = I live long a long time, I am living a long.time.
Sahr-tor (to run, to be quick)
Sahr-tor etek = We run, we are running.
Yuk-tor (to sleep)
Yuk-tor cat = the cat sleeps, the cat is sleeping

Use the present tense to express what you and others do, and ongoing actions. Context, sentence arrangement, will relay if it is ongoing or aspect.

Mahal-tor aluk svi’masu. = A fish swims in water.
Mahal-tor Sams na’gef. = Sams is swimming toward the shore.

*the letter i’ means now, and can change the meaning of the sentence to and from ongoing/aspect, use it sparingly or before the verb until sure.

>Here is a list for describing time. Nash feim na’wak-kethelvaya.
Kwon-sum = Always
Kanok-gad = Everyday
Kanok-gadra = every week
Kanok-tevun-krus = every month
K’ashiv = Often
Ul-wak = Sometimes
Worla = Never

> Here are some common weak -tor verbs/expressions
Tam-tor = to dance
Zan-tor = to view, to asses
Bek-tor = to wait
Mahr-tor = to buy
Zhu-tor = to hear
Oren-tor = to study, to learn
Shom-tor = to rest
Gla-tor = to see
Dva-tor = to believe
El-tor = to release, to free
Nahr-tor = to practice, to train
Fun-tor = to return, to revisit
Is-tor = to use

> Nahran > See what you know.
Wordlist > nash-veh, du, vu, etek, orensu

1. Mahr-tor __________ dunap na’oren ma au.
2. Is-tor __________ tum-vel oren-tor raf-vistra.
3. Kosu, gla-tor __________ ein-vel aitlu mahr-tor.
4. Heh __________, shom-tor etek za’oren wilat?
5. Fun-tor __________ na’oren-kel na’shi’dunap.
6. Bek-tor __________ t’hylla t’nash-veh fi’wak t’gad.

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Chapter 1 - Iyula Kitaya

>>Chapter 1 - Iyula Kitaya (Culture Writing)

On-Nisaya (both-test) “Comparison”
Try answering in Vulcan, use the sentences as part of your answer.

Nam-tor pulva ka svi’oren-kel t’du eh svi’oren-kel t’vuhlkansu if? = What apsects are similar between your school and a vulcan school?

Nam-tor pulva natya if? = Which aspects are different?

Nam-tor el-toraya na’orensu svi’shi’oren t’du ra? = What free activities are for students in your school?

Practice 1-16 Ra Tor Au

>>Practice 1-16 Tor au ra? = What do they do/make?

Dator’es: Preparation:

Dungi, zhu-tor du vathsu tar pu’toraya t’au du’gadtra, i’ kitau du sha’toraya t’du eh ya’akash du vathsular heh rasathau on.
Before, you asked others to talk about during their week, now write your own activities and ask others and compare both.

1. Toraya t’nash-veh gad’es (daily) 
2. Toraya t’nash-veh sheht t’gadtra (weekends)

Oren-tor (Learning)
El-wak (Free-time)
Fi’ar’kadan (At work working)
Tam-tor (dancing)
Kohl-tor (meditating)
Ranau (training)
Vathru (other, differently)

Kitau du wuh zhit-bal na’on. Write one sentence for both.

1. __________________

2. __________________

Practice 1-15 Oren-Toraya

>>Practice 1-15 Toraya t’oren-kal t’du. = Activities of your classmates.

Dator’es > Czar ret eh linisau du reh su. Kitau du pitoh eh tar du na’oren-ret.
Preparation > Wander the room and investigate three people. Write notes and tell the classroom.

Tor du svi’sheht t’gadtra ra? = What do you do on the weekend?
Glantau du gluvayek tishaik wilat? = Where do you watch TV you like?
Mahr-tor du svi’shi’dunap ra? = What do you buy in the library?
Oren-tor du tsurik wilat? = Where do you usually study?
Ar’kada du sheht t’gadtra ha? = Do you work on weekends, yes?

Di-Kizh (Exchange)
Dvin-tor du ro-fori na’oren-ret. Serve the info to the classroom.

Practice 1-14 Linisaya

>>Practice 1-14 Linisaya (Interview/Investigation)
https://www.starbase-10.de/vld/

Linisau tu oren-kal. Interview a classmate.

(grammar examples)
Verb Subject > Object
Play you > where
Study you > subject
Sleep they > when

Toraya / Activity Wilat / Where Lu / When
Oren-tor na’nisan rihagik __________________________
Glantau na’gluvayek __________________________
Mon-tor kofi (coffee) __________________________
Zhu-tor ralash-tanaf __________________________
Mahr-tor ein dunap k’oren t’du __________________________

Practice 1-13 Kodona

>>Practice 1-13 Kodona t’Ra (What Is It’s Cost)
Du’halan, ya’akash yaretsu kodona ra - kit’uh uf ya’akash au eh tar t’du.
During trips, visitors ask what a cost is - write how they might ask and your reply.

1. ____________________

Deshker Iyula Vuhkansu (Vulcan Culture Question) Extra-credit:
Is-tor einsu donku, rim vath -- is-tor sular sha’donku yauluhk po il rik’po?

2. ____________________

Practice 1-12 Stariben Vath

>>Practice 1-12

Stariben Vath (another discussion) / (ashiva-tar)
Dator’es (Preparation)

Telv-tor du stariben svi’orensu eh svi’nersu, yi ovsoh du zhit-bal. = Read conversation between student and clerk, then complete the sentence.

Orensu: Bolau nash-veh mahr-tor zhit-dunap na’oren vuhlkansu t’nash-veh.
Nersu: La nam-tor zhit-dunap maut romik.
Orensu: Kodona ra?
Nersu: Kodona rim.

1. Orensu bolau _________________________.
2. Nam-tor zhit-dunap ____________________.
3. Nam-tor na’oren t’_____________________.
4. Zhit-dunap kodona t’___________________.